Error Analysis Lab

Error Analysis research science laboratory By Lab Team 5 Introduction and Background In the process of breeding about the vastness of measuring and data processing, lab police squads were given prompts to bearing experiments as tumefy as address the precision, accuracy, and misunderstanding analysis in spite of appearance the experiment. Lab teams collaborated their data to come upon similarities and differences within their measurements. Through this process, students learned the importance of the amount of uncertainness as well as the different types of data- base errors that might have caused a margin of difference within the lab teams endpoints. ginmillment and data processing is a topic discussed in IB Chemistry SL it is grievous within the scientific community as it discusses the reliability of the data presented. incredulity is used to correct a range of a value in a measurement or instrument. Uncertainty of an analogue instrument is plus or minus half of the smallest ingredient present while indecision of a digital scale is plus or minus the smallest division present. To identify the amount of uncertainty, evidential figures (the digits in measurement up to and including the commencement exercise uncertain digit) atomic number 18 used.Certain rules are used to discover the arrive of world-shattering figures in a value * 1-9 are always prodigious * include zeroes (century9= 4 significant figures) * conveying zeroes never count (0. 023= 2 significant figures) * trailing zeroes after the decimal count (1. 9850= 5 significant figures) experimental errors are the difference between recorded value and generally current or literature value. There are two types of experimental errors ergodic and systematic errors. Random errors are caused by the readability of a bar instrument, the effects of changes in the surroundings, insufficient data, and observer misinterpretation.Systematic errors are errors that can not be reduced by repea ting experiments or careful experimental design. These errors are caused by poor experimental design as well as improper measurement techniques. Accuracy is the difference between the experimental value and the accepted value. The greater the accuracy, the smaller the systematic error. Precision is the duplicability of the experimental value. The greater precision, the less the stochastic uncertainties. Purpose Design laboratories ground upon ideas of accuracy, precision and error analysis through creating a procedure and addressing the prompts.Materials * 13. 5 cm x 10 cm sheet of aluminum rape * Ruler * Balance * Laptop * Micrometer * Silver Cube of terra incognita Solid * H2O (via sink) * Timer * Thermometer (in degrees Celsius) * 500 sheets of paper * Caliper * 100 mL graduated cylinder * 10 mL graduated cylinder * 25 mL flask Procedures and Methodologies order One (find tawdriness, stilt, and compactness of an cabalistic pulley-block) 1 Find the height of the silve r multiply of foreigner solidity using the micrometer. 2 Find the length of the silver cube of unvalued solid using the micrometer. 3 Find the comprehensiveness of the silver cube of unknown solid using the micrometer. Find the mass of the silver cube of unknown solid using the balance. 5 using the measured length, width and height of the cube of unknown solid, calculate the record of the cube. 6 classify the mass of the cube by the garishness to find the constriction of the cube. 7 Using the laptop, identify the type of metal found on the tightness. get off Two (find a way to measure 10. 5mL of piddle system supply) 1 Using the 10 mL graduated cylinder, measure out 10 mL of water. 2 Pour the measured water into the 100 mL graduated cylinder. 3 Using the 10 mL graduated cylinder, measure 0. 5 mL of water. Pour the measured water into the 100 mL graduated cylinder, trust with the previously measured 10 mL of water. brand Three (measure the onerousness of single shee t of paper and leger of 500 sheets) 1 tax the height of the stack of paper with the rule in millimeters (mm). 2 measuring stick the length of the stack of paper with the ruler in mm. 3 Measure the width of the stack of paper with the ruler in mm. 4 shoot for the masses of the stack of paper using the rulers dimensions in millimeters. 5 Calculate the onerousness of one sheet of paper based on the rulers dimensions. Divide the height by number of sheets of paper 500 sheets). 6 Repeat steps 1-5, instead using the mensurate for measurements, but still measuring in millimeters. Station Four (calculate the lot of metal cylinder) 1 Using the caliper, measure the height of the cylinder in millimeters. 2 Using the caliper, measure the diameter of the cylinders banding in millimeters. 3 Using the volume of a cylinder traffic pattern (pi x radius squared x height), calculate the volume of the cylinder. Station Five (Calculate the thickness of aluminum foil) 1 Using a laptop, check off the accepted engrossment for aluminum. Using the electronic balance, measure the mass of the sheet of aluminum foil. 3 Divide the mass by the accepted sloppedness to determine the volume. 4 Using the ruler, measure the dimensions (length x width) of the sheet of aluminium. 5 Divide the volume by the dimensions of the aluminum to determine the thickness. Station six-spot (Measure the temperature of the sink water for 120 seconds) 1 Turn hot water knob on. 2 Hold thermometer under running water. 3 take temperature at 60 seconds. 4 Record temperature at 90 seconds. 5 Record temperature at 120 seconds. 6 Remove thermometer from water.Station Seven (Determine the circumference, density, and individuation of electrify) 1 Using the micrometer, find the diameter of the of the wire 2 work out the diameter by pi (3. 14) to find the circumference of the wire 3 Using the ruler, find the length of the wire 4 Using the balance, find the mass of the wire 5 Multiply the circumference a nd the height of the wire to determine the volume 6 Divide mass by volume, to determine the density of the wire. 7 Using the laptop, identify the type of metal based on the density information Collection Station One- The results from measuring the volume, mass, and density of a unknown cube .Using the density, the lab teams were able to identify the unknown cube. congregation Data 1 volume=530 +- . 15mm3, mass= 7. 1+-. 05g, density=0. 12+-. 011gmm-3, lead 2 volume=653+-. 01mm3, mass=7. 1+-. 1g, density=0. 01gmm-3, lead 3 volume=580+-100mm3, mass 7. 14+-0. 001g, density= 0. 012gmm-3, lead 4 volume=748+-0. 005mm3, mass= 7. 13g, density=0. 0009gmm-3, lead 5 volume=727+-1mm3, mass=7. 14+-. 01g, density= . 01gmm-3, lead 6 volume=621+-0. 05mm3, mass= 7. 15+-0. 01g, density=0. 0115gmm-3, lead Station Two- Using the different graduated cylinders, lab teams measured out 10. 5 mL of water. Group Data 1 10. +-. 5mL 2 10. 5+-. 1mL 3 10. 5+-. 05mL 4 10. 5+-. 5mL 5 10. 5+-. 5mL 6 10. 5+-. 5mL S tation Three- Provided with a ruler and micrometer, teams found the thickness of a single sheet of paper and the volume of 500 sheets of paper. Group Data 1 thickness=0. 01cm, volume=2950cm3 2 thickness=0. 01cm, volume=6. 0cm3 3 thickness=0. 01cm, volume=3100cm3 4 thickness=0. 0096cm, volume= 2900cm3 5 thickness= 0. 01cm, volume= 3100cm3 6 thickness= 0. 0098cm, volume=2950cm3 Station Four- Given a metal caliper, students were asked to find the volume of a cylinder. Group Data 1 volume= 39+-2cm3 2 volume= 38. +-2cm3 3 volume= 63+-4. 9cm3 4 volume=39+-2 cm3 5 volume=41+- 1cm3 6 volume= 38. 8+-. 1cm3 Station Five- Students figure the thickness of a piece of aluminum foil using a balance and ruler. Group Data 1 0. 0018+-0. 0002cm 2 0. 01646+-0. 0002cm 3 0. 0017+-0. 00002cm 4 0. 0022+-0. 00005cm 5 0. 00175+-0. 00005cm 6 0. 0018cm Station Six- Lab teams measured the temperature of sink water over 120 seconds. Group Data 1 mystify= 23+-. 5C, 60=22+-. 5C, 90=22+-. 5C, 120=22. 5C 2 Start=2 1. 0+-. 5C, 60=21. 2+-. 5C, 90=21. 5+-. 5C, 120=21. 7+-. 5C 3 60=21+-. 5C, 90=22+-. 5C, 120=23+-. 5C 4 23+-. 5C 60=29C+-. 5, 90=29+-. 5C, 120=29+-. 5C 6 Start= 21. 5C, 60= 22C, 90= 22. 25C, 120= 22. 5C Station Seven- Using a micrometer, balance, and ruler, groups were asked to calculate the circumference, density and discover the identity of a wire. Group Data 1 circumference=6. 3+-+. 5mm, identity= copper, density= 0. 0033gmm-3 2 circumference= 1. 19pi mm, identity= copper, density= 0. 011gmm-3 3 circumference= 3. 14mm, identity= copper, density= 0. 13gmm-3 4 circumference= 3. 93mm 5 circumference= 3. 14 mm, identity= copper, density= 0. 13gmm-3 6 circumference= 1. 23pi mm, identity= copper, density= 0. 307gcm-3Error Analysis Station 1 (find volume, mass, and density of an unknown cube) In this particular station, there are no identified outliers. While the mass and density were rather close in value, there was no close range in the measurement of the volume of the unknown cube. This can be seen in the graphs below. Some random errors that may have caused this lack of precision in finding the volume of the unknown cube are misreadings of the instruments, changes in the environment of the experiment, the number of significant figures used, and the experimenter approximating a reading. Station 2 (find a way to measure 10. 5mL of water)In this station, there were two identifies outliers. This included Group 2 and Group 3. They were identified as outliers because of the amount of uncertainty. This two groups had a rather small amount of uncertainty unlike the another(prenominal) four groups with identical amounts of uncertainty. This can be seen in the graph below. The error that would have caused the amount of uncertainty is systematic because water will have clinged to the sides of the graduated cylinder as it was emptying. Another basis it was a systematic error was the fact that too much water could have been added to the graduated cylinder as it was fill ed.Station 3 There is totally one large outlier within this station. In measuring the volume, Group 2 measured the volume to be 6. 0 cm3 while all other groups said the volume was around 3000cm3. This is such a huge banquet that it would not be counted as a valuable measurement. Errors that could have occurred in this lab could have been random like the mismeasurement of the volume. The error could have withal occurred by the misinterpretation of the question or prompt given. Station 4 The outlier in this station is group 3 with a Station 5 Station 6 Station 7Conclusion and Evaluation In result of the preformed lab, our team learned the importance of determining error as well as preventing the majority of this error. The large range of results most likely was a result of systematic error. This can be concluded because there were no rotary directions for each station, and a different procedure could have been used by each lab team. Another source of error can be seen in the diffe rence in sig figs used between groups. Random error most likely was a result of the unfamiliar tools that were used for the for the first time time by many students.