Differences between Absolutism & Constitutional Monarchy Approaches

At roughly the corresponding time in England, the Plantagenets were undergoing a succession crisis. After the oddment of the powerful and absolute monarch Henry II, his oldest son, the glamorous Richard, trenchant he would rather go fight infidels in the sanctified Land than be bothered with the unmatchedrous task of administering his kingdom, which he turned over to his younger brother tooshie. John turn out so inept as a monarch that he found himself under interdict by Innocent II, the or so powerful Pope of the High Middle Ages, and the target of a rebellion by both common people (made known in the tales of "Robin Hood") and his nobles, who were necessarily his administrative staff. The nobles move up a document, now known as Magna Carta, "the large(p) charter," met to "parley" with the king (thus becoming the first fan tan), and forced John to sign it. This document was essentially the beginnings of the first written nature in English history. It guaranteed certain sets to the nobility, but also, and in the ache run even more significantly, to the common people. For example, all were guaranteed the right to a trial by a jury of their peers (meaning nobles judged nobles, commoners judged commoners). This m

eant that no one, not even the king, could indiscriminately sentence a person to death; thus began the phylogenesis of the modern concept of due process.

It did happen, of course, that a king would outperform his "legal" authority if he thought he could oppose the Parliament from taking effective measures against him.

Also, as a innovative bourgeoisie grew because of imperialism, capitalism, and new technology, their growing political power unavoidable the establishment of a lower house of Parliament, the House of Commons. As the tensions between old and new sources of wealth and power grew, increase by the religious tensions of the Reformation period, England entered into a civil struggle that placed Puritan militarists and the new businessmen on one side, the old nobility, the king, and Roman Catholics on the other. In 1644 the question whether Parliament or the king had the ultimate final authority was single-minded once and for all when Oliver Cromwell has King Charles I beheaded, beginning a 16-year republican era that ended with the restoration of Charles II to the hatful after he promised to be a strictly entire monarch, reigning but not ruling. The parallel tensions building in France had no similar outlet, until they culminated in the catastrophic F
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