Strategies for preparing a health care organization for change Essay

Strategies for preparing a health care organization for permute - Essay ExampleThe excogitate should indicate the goals and objectives of the change being instituted, roles of top management, and the period estimated for the entire process. The expected returns of the electronic preserves compared to manual put down should also be addressedAccording to Bridges and Bridges (2009), successful changes occur only in organizations, which demonstrate effective change from the top management. Top managers should exhibit positive attitude and reactions for the modern electronic system. Even more, the managers should be conversant with the technicalities and technology of the electronic recording. In addition, management should focus on implementing the change by offering incentives and rewards to employees who emerge excellent in operating the new system.There should be turn effort to inform the staff of the expected change in the institution. In order to gain the incite of the employ ees, it is vital for the management of the organization to inform them about the efficiency of the automated system and the advantages they are in all likelihood to enjoy by shifting to electronic medical records. The management should further train the staff members on how to use the electronic recording system.It is unlikely that the organization will flawlessly implement the electronic recording without challenges. This is because the employees will be adamant to maintain their status quo and they may oppose the trainings on how to use the new electronic medical recording system. Such challenges will be addressed by setting up of counseling center to inform and encourage the employees about the proposed

Planning Transitions to Prevent Challenging Behavior Essay

Planning Transitions to Prevent Challenging Behavior - Essay ExampleAt prime(prenominal) glance, the articles seem to be dissimilar in the kind of content and message that they are exciteing bulge out to the intended audience. However, on closer look, one can comprehend that the thrust of both articles is about the ship canal in which teaching methods can be improved to make a difference in the appearance children are taught. Both articles talk about teachers making decisions in the daily interactions with their wards. The difference in the articles is the manner in which each article suggests different methods to achieve the common goal of making the students understand what is creation taught and how teachers can be role models for their students.The article about Teaching children what we want them to learn concentrates on the different ways in which children pick up things from their teachers by looking up to them as role models as well as imbibing values and qualities fro m the teachers. The article makes the point about how kids at such a young age are impressionable and hence are prone to look up to their teachers in a manner similar to that they do with their parents and hence the teachers have to extra careful in the messages that they send to the students. These include verbal and non-verbal cues as well as the kind of lessons that the teachers pick for their children every day.This article likewise mentions the subtle difference between the statements that express a reflective desire to inculcate learning in the children as opposed to expecting the children to learn better. For instance, there is a huge difference in taking personalised responsibility as a teacher and ensuring that the children get to learn and think about the children as creation responsible for their education. One is reflective (as mentioned above) and the other is reactive.

Concept Of Quality Circles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Concept Of lumber Circles - Essay ExampleQuality Circle concept has three major attributesa) Change in Attitude The establishment of quality flocks brings an situation change from I dont care to I do care. Also it brings Continuous improvement in quality of work up life through humanization of work.A Quality Circle has an earmark organizational structure for its utile and efficient performance. It varies from industry to industry, organization to organization. But it is useful to have a basic framework as a model. The structure of a Quality Circle consists of the following elements.i. A steering committee This is at the top of the structure. It is headed by a senior executive and includes representatives from the top management personnel and human resources exploitation people. It establishes policy, plans and directs the program and meets usually once in a month.v. Circle members They may be staff workers. Without circle members the porgramme cannot exist. They are the lifebl ood of quality circles. They should attend all meetings as far as possible, offer suggestions and ideas, participate actively in group process, take training seriously with a receptive attitude. The roles of Steering Committee, Co-ordinator, Facilitator, Circle attracter and Circle members are well defined. PROCESS OF OPERATION The operation of quality circles involves a set of nonparallel steps as under1. line identification Identify a number of problems.2 occupation selection Decide the priority and select the problem to be taken up first.3 Problem Analysis Problem is clarified and analysed by basic problem solving methods.4 Generate choice solutions Identify and evaluate causes and generate number of possible alternative solutions.5 Select the most appropriate solution Discuss and evaluate the alternative solutions by comparison in terms of investment and lessen from the investment. This enables to select the most appropriate solution.6 Prepare plan of action at law Prepar e plan of action for converting the solution into reality which includes

The hot zone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The hot zone - judge ExampleOn New Years Eve, Mr. Monet suffers from the eyeball pain (Preston 9). The pain is one of the symptoms of the computer computer virus attack.Further, M. Preston interestingly emphasized Mother Natures outpouring of ailments unfavorably affects humans (Preston 3). The real aliveness write up focuses on some of societys unsuccessful attempts to stop or cure sealed ailments. The book shows the unstoppable Mother Natures Ebola virus, HIV (AIDS) as well as the marburgvirus virus types can avoidably kill many people (Preston 23). Finally, the book exposes to the world the dangers of incurable animal viruses.Further, the book interestingly shows the governments efforts to control Mother Natures virus attacks. The book discusses the government established the Reston Virginia to control the unhealthful viruses (Preston 94). The Virginia research included the coining of the deadly Reston virus. Specifically, Mr. R. Preston states U.S. funded Reston, Virginia research focused on the incurable viruses that transfer from animals to humans (Preston 105).Furthermore, the Preston story interestingly emphasized the discovery of the Ebola virus strain in the Reston Virginia medical research facility (Preston 94). The virus was called by another mutation name. Monet mentioned the MARV virus came from the Cave of Kitum (Preston 119). Kitum is strategically located in the remote outskirts of Kenyas Mount Elgon.Moreover, another interesting topic of the book is hope. The authors story plots indicate people can hope they can win over the incurable virus attacks. The book shows the nations allocating bullion to find the virus cure or alleviate the symptoms for the currently incurable viruses. The U.S. government allocates funds for anti-virus researches. The governments Center for Disease Control agency helps with the fight (Preston 20). The agency exerts extra efforts to research, control, and excrete the increasing number of

Maternity Mentoring Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Maternity Mentoring - Research Proposal ExampleFrom the long term perspective, the employees also develop a sense of belongingness with the organisation if they get much(prenominal) support from their employers. Maternity Mentoring phase ensures that the parents have a facial expression that they are needed by the organisation and the company would be benefitted to get them back to the organisation in the post child period. The parents also should be able to adapt to the environment in such phases of their lives. there should be proper arrangements for the mothers as well as work wise flexibility. There are principally a number of phases through which a new or would be parent would be undergoing.This speech paper is an attempt to give out the assorted aspects of Maternity Mentoring in the wider sense of the term and the various factors of such coaching process that help the organisation to retain the best talent despite the crossing of the various cross roads of the lives of t he employees. This study is conducted with the help of primary and secondary data to analyse how this process plant in the organisations of the present day.Maternity mentoring in the present day is not a much astray practiced phenomenon in the corporate world. An organisation in order to implement such kind of an HR practise has to start with a pilot project considering a sample of a few employees and has to analyse the costs and benefits of starting such a programme in the organisation (Baumeister and Vohs, 2004, p. 574). It is also important to indentify the several(predicate) issues that the women encounter when they commence on their re-engagement with the organisation in the post maternity period. It is also important to thwart the path of growth of the parents in the post parenthood phase and how the mentoring process of the parents would help them to reach a phase of development in their career (Ludeman, 2009, pp. 237- 54). Thus the focus of this particular study would be the arrest of the various aspects of maternity coaching and how the

Social Media Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Social Media Marketing - Essay showcaseConsidering the encompassing range of social media sites covered, this market placeing design will convey a very wide range of audience across the globe. All the socio-economic classes of the human society ar reached out to by this advert, providing a strong base of potential buyers (Safko 2013).In addition to the large social media coverage, this advert gives a diminutive and all inclusive description of the Tecno tonicphones. The description of the features is brought out in a colorful and eye-catching animations tended to(p) by step by step audio explanations. The audio explanations are of a wide form of languages English, French, German, Kiswahili, Arabic and even some local dialects. This gives first-hand information to the audience because one does not need a translation in order to understand the information being conveyed. Translations are sometimes biased since the arranger whitethorn say what they think is important. As a res ult a potential buyer may fail to buy the product because what they were looking for in a phone was omitted by the translator. The advert is as well accompanied by a step by step tutorial on the use of the smart phone. This is optional and can be viewed by anyone who has never used a smart phone earlier (Zimmerman 2013). This is an added advantage as compared to the inserts and user manuals that are usually inserted in the smartphone boxes. Some of the user manuals are typed in very tiny fonts making them stannous to read. An audio version would therefore be preferred by some customers.Currently the smartphone market is flooded by very many brands of smartphones. The major smartphones in the market are Samsung, Apple, Sony, Alcatel, LG, Infinix and many others. All these smartphones ideally have the same features and applications. The hardware and the brand names are the only variables in this industry. The availability of many brands creates a cutthroat competition, with every co mpany trying to have a bigger share of the market. In

Provide a brief critical historical assessment of why and how Essay

Provide a brief critical historical assessment of why and how method of accounting harmonization has been achieved supranationally - Essay ExampleInvestors can analyse statements from different countries and decide on the nature and magnitude of the similarities and differences (Nobes. 76).Harmonization of accounting standard provides a level playing field globally (Shil, Das and Pramanik, 2009 195). This level requires standardized accounting structures to facilitate international transactions and cost minimization through foreign payments by providing usable information to the global society. Under the global business scenario, the community needs a putting green accounting procedure (Shil et al. 2009 195). The international accounting standards committee that later adopted the word international accounting standard board (ISAB) was formed in 1973. The committee involved sixteen accounting bodies representing nine nations Canada, Australia, Germany, joined Kingdom, Japan, Fran ce, Netherlands, United States, and Mexico (Shil et al. 2009 196).Currently, ISAB has a total of a blow and fifty-three accounting bodies that represent a hundred and twelve countries. The process of harmonization has undergone a challenging path from inception. One of the critical breakthroughs was the adoption of international accounting standards by the international organization of securities commission on May 2000 for use in fund exchanges in member states (Shil et al. 2009 196).The European Union used the fourth and seventh council directives to achieve harmonization. Company rightfulness harmonization of financial accounting procedures was based on the Article 54(3)(g) of the EC Treaty. The fourth ((78/660/EEC) Council directive of twenty-fifth July 1978 required all companies to urinate annual accounts (Com 95, 3). However, this directive did not aim to achieve complete normalisation of accounting procedures. The seventh council directive (83/349/EEC) of 13 June 1983 wa s more interested in consolidated accounts. Companies were required to prepare accounts and parent companies

Learning about plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Learning about plagiarism - adjudicate Exampley too soon, not publishing negative results, publishing results too early, skimming over or ignoring drawbacks, and buffing the results by showing them in the best light (Crossen, 1994, p. 167), in his work which is very same in meaning and manner of speaking with the original passage. Secondly, the student has also plagiarized another line, Biomedical researchers contain strict rules of science into their work, which is examined by peers (Crossen, 1994, p. 167) in his main body paragraph which is similar in wordings, meanings and fourth dimension with the original one. When quoting the similar meters, it is important to write them within the quotation marks in Italics and also, to enclose them with correct in-text citation as required for avoiding plagiarism.It is important to understand the core message delivered in a sentence in order to reproduce it without plagiarizing the similar words and the sentences. Plagiarism can be re cognized by comparing the work with the original one same sentences, similar words or twisting the sequences of the words can label the work as plagiarized. However, there are number of ways through which a student or a writer can avoid the chances of plagiarism. These simple steps are confine and compare your work with the original passage. If any similarities are found, try changing your sentence structure. Always physical exertion simple sentences instead of complicated ones. This would complicate the message of the writing and the reader will be unable(p) to understand the

Depression in Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Depression in Women - Essay ExampleTHE symptoms whitethorn not seem overly serious at first. Perhaps a person suffers from fatigue, stomach cramps or chest pains. He may find himself waking up at wee hours of the morning for no app arnt reason or the trouble may be difficulty in get to sleep. peradventure a change in appetite has led to weight loss or maybe the fuss is overweight due to a sudden splurge of alimentation. Fatigue, physical pains and change in eating or sleeping habits can constitute what doctors call the somatic mask of depression.(McClelland, 2008, 64) What is depression Why does it refine people Everyone feels down in the dumps on certain occasions. This should not cause alarm, for off days of this type argon not what doctors mean when they speak of depression. According to studies, humans when they are afflicted with depression usually leisurely their essence and realization for the real reasons of living. It could be observed that many among the depressed ones are subjected to situations of failure, feeling of helplessness and the lost of physical energy to face life and enjoy life at the same time. (Amunts, 2008, 15) Loosing these special elements in life, some depressed individuals resort to suicide simply to end the agony that they are experiencing.A depressed person finds it difficult to perform change surface the most routine tasks, such as getting dressed, brushing teeth, preparing breakfast and making routine decisions. The third level, where no one can doubt that youre transaction with depression says Yomasue (2008) is when somebody literally sits in a corner-almost paralyzed-looking into space. (13) Doctors often speak of depression as both discerning or chronic. (Wang, 2007, 65) Acute depression sets in from some external cause, such as the oddment of a loved one, divorce or some other severe loss. Depending on the seriousness of the cause, acute depression may last weeks or even months but then it disappears. On the othe r hand, in chronic cases the crippling effects of depression persist month after month. (Amunts, 2008, 54)Another type of sick person is the wild-depressive. This person seesaws between a manic (from manikos, Greek for mad) state and one of depression. During a manic state, the individual becomes overactive, impulsive, often disorderly in speech and thinking.(Croissant, 2008, 34) Then follows a normal period, after which he plunges into depression. Some remain in the manic state most of the time, with only brief low periods. Others are just the opposite, remaining depressed most of the time. And there are those who, for the most part, remain on an even keel except for brief ups and downs.(Liu, 2008, 54)In this study, an understanding of the major issues concerning gender differences on depression occurrences among individuals shall be discussed carefully so as to understand or at least clarify the issues on the cite that women are actually experiencing depression twice as much as men. Explaining the key reasons for this particular study is the focus of this particular literature-based understanding. Some Common Causes of DepressionHow widespread is serious depression According to Dr. Nathan S. Kline of the modernistic York State Department of Mental Hygiene, it has been estimated that 15 per cent of the adult population of the United States has some arcdegree of depression which is serious enough to be in need of treatment.(Yomasue,

Project breif Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Project breif - writings review ExampleThis research marriage proposal concerns the conduct of a dissertation involving the investigation, assessment and analysis of several(a) challenges involved in the anxiety of government work outs in Saudi Arabia and the provisioning of appropriate recommendations for their successful management. As a means of reducing inefficiency and maximizing productivity, stakeholders throughout the business world have come to appreciate the agency of timely and relevant project management theory (Al-Otaibi et al., 2013). As such, globalization has created a situation in which firms from around the globe integrate with businesses and projects in other countries. Therefore, engaging in a deeper and more effective means of globalised project management is a step towards modernization and development a goal towards which this proposal is fundamentally directed.While the implementation of infrastructural projects is undoubtedly increasing in the developin g and emerging economies, project management in these countries is associated with a number of specific challenges (Frame, 2002). Such challenges increase when projects are undertaken for governmental organisations and departments (Frame, 2002).Extensive project work is occurring in Saudi Arabia, with the Kingdoms government focusing on building base of operations in areas of power generation, transportation, roads and medical facilities (Meed Media, 2013). Whilst project activity in the country does provide knockout opportunities for project management organisations, the successful execution of such projects involves the anticipation, recognition and overcoming of diverse types of challenges with specific political, bureaucratic and court-ordered ramifications (Meed Media, 2013).The proposed research study aims to examine the various challenges associated with management of government projects in Saudi Arabia and the providing of appropriate recommendations for overcoming

Why does the United States have an inconsistent policy in the middle Essay

Why does the coupled States relieve oneself an incompatible policy in the middle east - Essay Example(1). Since independence in 1776, the United States of the States has followed a policy in the midway einsteinium that is marked by its independence from its colonial master in the form of the British, and the other European allied powers, like France. However, it is the American policy in the mettle tocopherol that is crucial to the region, because of the blotto influence it has in the region, though it has been a late starter to the happenings in the place East. There is cockeyed criticism that the inconsistent policies followed by the Americans, marked by expediency have had a strong influence on the poor state of affairs in the Middle East. (2) United States Policy in the Middle East since 1776 and its Reasons American policy in the Middle East has been more at loggerheads with the earlier influential colonial powers till around the formation of Israel. The growing fru gal might of America meant that it would have a strong influence on the course and consequences of the First and spot World Wars. Yet, even though the Americans went to war in Europe in favor of its allies, the then hot seat of USA Woodrow Wilson refused to declare war against their enemy Turkey, despite the genocide that was occurring in Armenia, due to Turkish actions. (3). The Suez Crisis of 1956 is another(prenominal) marked example of the US differing with its European NATO allies on the Middle East. Britain and France believed that Nasser was inimical to the interests of the Western world. sequence America agreed with this evaluation, it was against any use of force against Nasser to prevent opening the door to the Soviets. America worked against British and French action. (4). America has thus demonstrated its desire for influence in the Middle East, even to the terminus of upsetting its European NATO allies. This desire is a reflection of the self-interest that America h as in the region. (2). The allurement for the Middle East for America is based on its national interests including control of a region with abundance of oil. Yet, America has used diplomatic, economic or armed services power towards this end. In other words, economic appeasements and use of the military might have been the main weapons used by America to appease its national interests in the Middle East. This has led to the charge of inconsistencies in American policy in the Middle East. America has used economic and diplomatic means to draw to it national leaders with whom it believes it can deal with from strength and acted to use economic and military might to overthrow or marginalize national leaders that it does not like. Such inconsistent policy stems from its belief in its moral superiority that came with the Pilgrims at Plymouth and its attraction to an exotic Middle East that it sees as the mysterious, menacing Orient. (1). Israel in the Middle-east has been a fixture in American policy in the Middle East and the reason for its inconsistent policies in the Middle East that runs against its grain of liberty and justice. The strong pro-Israeli has both political and spectral basis. The political basis is reflected in the words of President during the formation of Israel and the strong American backing I have to answer to hundreds of thousands who are anxious for the success of Zionism. (1). This can be construed to mean that at there are many more Jews in America than Muslims from the Middle East. The religious entanglement in American policy in the Middle East comes from missionary zeal in attempting to change the Middle East to mirror its liberal and Christian values, such that the land that it is attracted to changes in its eyeball for the better. (1). The political and religious basis of American policy i

Mangment 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mangment 3000 - Essay ExampleThe Maslows hierarchy of demand is an important musical instrument to assess the needs of the people.II. Providing adequate opportunity to the individual for showcasing his/her abilities, so that the individual is able to contribute to the topper of his/ her ability towards the completion of the task and growth of the company.I consider the recognition and career development opportunities as the most valuable ones. If someone is able to accomplish the assigned task in a comforting manner and the management gives it due recognition, the manager personally congratulates the individual, then it proves quite helpful in boosting the motivational levels of the person. If such testimonials are followed by promotional opportunities, then it works wonders for the individual, the team, and of course the company. If the manager is aware rough my preferences for doing good work, and he gives due consideration to my needs, this will certainly help in improving the interpersonal communication and mutual respect between employees and managers.My dominant needs are safety needs and self esteem needs. While working for the company having a decent pay package with reasonable bureau of job security results in boosting the self confidence of the individual. This in turn reflects on the manner in which the individual tries to implement the strategies and jobs assigned to him. Self respect is another key attribute which works up to the advantage of the worker. Nobody likes to work for the company if he is treated in a denigrating manner.These needs certainly help while functioning in a group. If we accord due respect to either team member, we are bound to get equal respect from each team member. This brings up the undeniable team spirit for effective functioning of the group. It is worthwhile here to mention that a team is in addition composed of people with differing abilities, qualification and motivation levels. A cohesive team of highly moti vated and

The Role Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The role - Essay ExampleMoreover, they discuss the broader sense of this term by writing about social bully and social activities (Adler and Goggin, 2005, pp. 239-240). As for Schlozman et al. (1999), these authors propose to analyze civic eng senescement through the three-argument framework, which includes its appearance as volunteering activity, as promotion of democracy, and as manifestation of partnership interests (p. 428). Due to this, it is reasonable to state that civic engagement is a broader concept than a community problem solving one. In this case, Adler and Goggin (2005) define community activities as a narrower appearance of civic engagement term on the axis resulting in political activities (p. 241). Even though this concept is hard to define, all of its manifestations include the reaction on certain social problems. Thus, it is possible to submit that civic engagement as a phenomenon appeared as one of the tools of problem solving within a social community. In thi s context, Adler and Goggin (2005) synthetize all the available definitions of the term in the statement, Civic engagement describes how an active citizen participates in the life of a community in order to improve conditions for others or to help shape the communitys future (p. 242). In short, the attempts to define the concept reveal the importance of community dimension in its essence.With the very appearance of civic engagement in practice, it is common to associate it with active volunteering position of the youth. In this case, it mostly appears in the context of reforms within higher education institutions (Adler and Goggin, 2005, p. 237). As the research conducted by Adler and Goggin (2005) has shown, the age of people involved in civic engagement as community problem solving is junior in average in contrast to its wider dimensions of electoral and political

Geography is no longer relevant in the context of a homogenising world Essay

Geography is no longer relevant in the context of a homogenising world debate - Essay ExampleHowever, Dicken (2011 p41) notes that nation-state borders continue to dominate worldwide relations with nations continuing to enforce state-boundaries, sometimes victimisation violence to do so. More everywhere, challenges in overcoming economic and technological barriers continue to shape how different populations separated by geographical location access healthcare and education for example. Therefore, although the relevance of geography seems to carry been greatly low as a result of a homogenising world, this paper will argue that how people live is even so significantly influenced by geographical factors.Aiello and Pauwels (2014 p280) support the concept of an increasingly homogenised world, noting that global flows and exchanges of capitals, services, goods, transfer of engine room and human movements have resulted in a more unique and standardized world culture as acculturation leads to a universal culture. In this case, increased interconnectivity between cultures and countries contributes to the formation of a more self-colored culture with the adoption of a more Euro-American lifestyle and social organization model. Modern communications have played a fundamental role in homogenisation as the internet enables people to allege about information on foreign nations as they would about their own locality. People all over the world are now exposed to the same news every day, leading to a homogenisation of ideas and perspectives. Increased international travel has greatly influenced homogenisation as well, with people from South East Asia, for example, traveling to Europe and North America to find jobs. Moreover, increased tourist flows, specifically from developed countries, have further hospitality industries across the world to provide typical Euro-American services, contributing to a more homogenous global community (Aiello & Pauwels, 2014 p281).Popul ar culture has also

Policy Change Proposal Section II Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policy Change Proposal Section II - Assignment mannequinon would necessitate all health rush organizations to have well established internal presidential term body that directly consult periodically with individuals concerned with organization of hospital medical staff. A essential for a medical practitioner to be part of hospitals governing body should be removed to avoid conflict of interests as it may hamper bore service delivery (Tavenner & Sebelius, 2013). at that place is no supply for establishment of Medicare in affected role rehabilitation facility and an effective long-term acute care quality reporting by either health practitioners or health care organizations. We propose that a secretary in the Ministry of Health and medical examination Services would be required to establish an effective quality programs that would facilitate establishment of inpatient rehabilitation and group of providers that would cater for the need of individuals who require long term care in the hospital. Under this policy, all health care providers would be required to identify measures for this provision by 2013 and implement the identified quality measure reporting programs by 2014. These measures would lead to realization of efficacious care and all dimensions of quality that are feasible and practicable (Tavenner & Sebelius, 2013).Some regulations passed by Center of Medical Services (CMS) subject hospices to financial and ethical problems. For instance, the current law requires hospices to be well equipped to concern all patients that do not have a signed do-not-resuscitate order. The proposed policy change would ensure that hospice patient would access improved care and financial viability. The eligibility requirements would be re-evaluated to ensure that the policy is no longer a barrier to access. This would ensure that hospice patients access proper health care as they expect (Petersen, 2002).A fig of policies and rules in the proposed policy change are ai med at helping hospitals and health care providers to better aline care

Different reactions Essay Example for Free

Different answers EssayHow quickly a reception happens is called the tempo of reaction. Chemical reactions deplete home plate when two or much chemicals react with one an otherwise by colliding with each other. The enlarge in temperature increases the amount of concussions between particles, this fastens the reaction. If a reaction has a low rate that bureau the molecules combine at a slower speed than a reaction with a high rate. Particles need a tokenish amount of kinetic movement if they argon going to react when they collide. This is known as Activation nada.The contact theory is the idea that antithetic reactions happen at different rates. Reactions that occur slowly have a lower rate of reaction. Fast reactions are due to an increase of shocks slow reactions are due to decrease in collisions. Reactions that happen quickly have a high rate of reaction (e. g. explosions). intentness The niggardliness of a solution is how strong the solution is. A stronger a cidulated contains more acid particles and slight weewee particles than a weaker acid. change magnitude the assiduity of a solution leads to more collisions (greater relative frequency of collisions) so the rate of the reaction goes up.With a more concentrated acid, the number of acid particles is greater, so the number of collisions is greater and the rate of the reaction is higher (faster. ) Changing the soaking up of the acid does not change how quickly the particles are moving (i. e. it doesnt increase the amount of energy they have. ) Temperature When we increase the temperature at which a reaction is taking place, the particles move more quickly. At a lower temperature, the number of collisions is lower because the particles are moving more slowly.Also when a collision occurs, there is less chance of a reaction taking place because the movement energy in the particles is less. At a higher temperature, the number of collisions is greater because the particles are moving m ore quickly. When a collision occurs, there is more chance of a reaction taking place because the movement energy in the particles is greater. Gas pressure Pressure affects the rate of reaction, especially when you look at gases. When you increase the pressure, the molecules have less space in which they can move.That greater concentration of molecules increases the number of collisions. When you decrease the pressure, molecules dont hit each other as often. The lower pressure decreases the rate of reaction. (2) Catalyst Different catalysts speed up different reactions. The tabular array shows some common catalysts A catalyst provides a go up on which the reaction can take place. This increases the number of collisions between the particles of the substances that are reacting. A catalyst lowers the activation energy (the minimum amount of energy undeniable for a reaction to take place).This means that the particles can react with less energy than they needed out front the cataly st was added. (3) Surface area of particles By increasing the surface area of the reactants, there are a higher number of reaction sites. Reaction sites are specific sites on molecules at which reactions occur. Increasing the number of reaction sites increases the number of total collisions. The greater the frequency of total collisions, the greater the frequency of e.ffective collisions. If the frequency of effective collisions increases, so does the reaction rate. Introduction/Aim.In this investigation, I am finding out how concentration affects the rate of reaction between Hydrochloric acid and Sodium Thiosulphate. I am going to measure the rate of reaction when hydrochloric acid is added to atomic number 11 thiosulfate. When sodium thiosulfate and Hydrochloric Acid are mixed, a yellow precipitate of mho is produced. The solution becomes increasingly difficult to see through and through as more and more sulphur is create. This is how I plan to measure the rate of reaction. I w ill place a write up with a dim cross underneath the solution and will s fall out the clock when the cross can no lasting be seen.I will find out the answer by doing a preliminary stress to investigate this, I will then compare and discuss the cases in my evaluation then I will also state how this experiment I done could be improved, in my conclusion. But before doing the real experiment I will carry out a preliminary test. What is a anterior test? This is a test that is done before the real test. It gives an idea of the real thing through the test you can make changes to make sure the real one is fair and reliable e. g. changing equipment or concentration of sodium thiosulfate solution.A preliminary test is more of a trial than an experiment to find out if the equipment/method or even experiment works. A preliminary test is broadly speaking a baseline for further testing and development. It helps you refine ideas and change key concepts of the experiment. Prediction Knowi ng the learning above, I predict that as the concentration of the Sodium Thiosulphate increases, the rate of reaction will also increase. This means that the rate/concentration graph I compile from my experiments results will have a positive correlation.I study this will happen because, according to the collision theory, as the concentration of a solution is change magnitude the number of particles inside the solution increases. If the number of particles inside the solution is increased it makes collisions with reacting particles more apparent. Also, I believe that the clock meter/concentration graph will have a negative correlation because if my prediction is true, as the concentration increases the time taken for the reaction to take place will decrease. Preliminary Experiment I did a preliminary experiment to get used to the sequence of events.I got to know all the instrument and the method. Word Equation for the reaction Sodium Thiosulfate + Hydrochloric acid Sodium Chl oride + Sulphur + sulphur dioxide + water ionic equation for reaction 2Na+ + S2O32- + 2H+ + 2Cl- 2Na+ + 2Cl- + SO2 (g) + S + H2O (l) Balanced Symbol Equation for the reaction Products Reactants Na2S203 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) 2NaCl (aq) + S (s) +SO2 (g) +H20 (l) I only did the experiment one, not three times so I did not get an reasonable time for each concentration. I made sure the volume of Sodium Thiosulfate solution each time equalled to 10cm3 .The one thing I kept consistent was 10cm3 of Hydrochloric acid. I varied the concentration of the Sodium Thiosulfate and water. beneath is a results table for my preliminary experiment. Preliminary Table Volume of water (cm3) Volume of Sodium Thiosulfate (cm3) Concentration (M) Volume of Hydrochloric Acid (cm3) Concentration (M) Time taken (seconds) Preliminary method 1. If you have not already done so, put on your goggles and gloves.2. Place the paper with an X onto a flat surface and put a conical flaskful on top. 3. Measure 9 cm3 of sodi um thiosulphate using a pipette and put it into a flask. Then measure 1 cm3 of water using a different pipet. 4. Then measure 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid using a measuring cylinder. 5. Add first the acid then water and place a ball of cotton wool on top of the flask to block the formed gas from getting into the air. When acid and water is added, immediately start the timer. 6. Look follow through at the cross from above the flask. When the cross disappears, stop the timer and note the time, recording it in the table.7. retroflex this process using different concentrations of sodium thiosulpahte solution with water as shown in the table above. 8. guardedly pour the solution into the sink straight after each test. Preliminary Safety Safety is a key aspect to any experiment. There are a lot of safety issues we must assume when performing this experiment. A key safety aspect was that we covered the top of the conical flask with cotton wool, making sure no gas escapes the air we bre athe into as sulphur dioxide one of the products formed from the experiment is a toxic gas.I also decided to wear goggles to protect my eye from the acid splashing, squirting or any way entering my eye. Also be sure to cast hair back because if the sodium thiosulphate makes contact with my hair it could dye it blonde (bleach it) or if it comes into contact with my strip down it would turn white and peel off. Another precaution to take measure of is wearing gloves to protect your splutter as hydrochloric acid is corrosive. Afterwards, when you have done your experiment thoroughly wash away all appliance used and pour the solution down the sink. Apparatus 1.Sodium Thiosulphate solution (This is the variable factor beingness studied in the reaction) 1. Hydrochloric Acid 2. Water 3. Conical Flask (to put both the hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate into. ) 4. 3 Pipettes (one for the hydrochloric acid and one for the sodium thiosulphate and one for water this allows you to easily transfer the liquids. ) 5. Cotton (this blocks the top of the conical flask to make sure sulphur dioxide the toxic gas produced doesnt escape. ) 6. A paper marked with an x (to be certain when to stop the timer. ) 7. Stop watch/Timer (to stop the time when X is not visible.) 8. Goggles (to protect your eyes from acid entering the eyes for safety measurements. ) 9. Gloves (protects your kowtow from hydrochloric acid corrosive. ) 10. 2 Measuring cylinders (to measure the volume of the acids. ) Prediction I predict that the greater the concentration of Sodium Thiosulfate Solution, the faster the chemical reaction will take place. Therefore, the cross will disappear more quickly due to the cloudiness of the solution. If solutions of reacting particles are made to be more concentrated, there are a higher number of particles reacting.Meaning collisions between Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Thiosulfate Solution are more likely to occur. All this can be justified by the full u nderstanding of the collision theory itself For a reaction to occur particles have to collide with each other. Only a small per cent result in a reaction. This is due to the energy bulwark to outmatch. Only particles with enough energy to overcome the barrier will react after colliding. The minimum energy that a particle must have to overcome the barrier is called the activation energy, or Ea.

Development can improve your work Essay Example for Free

Development can improve your work analyze?1.3- explain how learning and development can improve your own work, benefit organisations, and identify career options. study and development means that you will be able to broaden your knowledge and skills in that particular smell of your job role. This will improve your marketability in your job, meaning more people will recognize your company. This overly helps you to understand your job role better and to open up possible places for future promotions. When learning newly skills, you could realise that you are now able to do a job you used to think was unthinkable to complete. In completing a job it increases your value to your employer and helps provide that you keep your job and hopefully hike with the company that you are working for, also meaning more career offers, as people round different companys may recognize you, meaning that they like the way your work and could potentially ask to employee you. It can benefit work as well the employee is better qualified and should have a better understanding of their job role.

The Road Not Taken Essay Example for Free

The Road Not Taken assayEvery adult faces challenges and life-altering finiss. In The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost this dilemma is brought to life. The fount in the poem has free will to choose whichever path he wants. He is completely unconscious(predicate) of what his superior will bring but he leaves it to chance. He knows he has to make a choice and that it is impossible to know whether or not it is the right choice. He knows that no matter what his choice is he will always wonder what his life would have been like had he chosen the other path. In reality there is no right or wrong path.There be only decisions and numbers. The etymon of decision making in this poem takes a seize the day approach. No matter the appear fix the change of locationer knows he still must make a decision and make the best of it. The put of the poem takes place in the woods. The character is standing there studying a forked path. It is ironical that both paths are seemingly the same, th ey are both intriguing to the traveler and he wishes that he could travel them both. The forked path is symbolic of life and all of its many choices that must be made.Just as the character is unaware of what his choice may bring, outcomes of adult choices do not always turn out as expected. The title of the poem The Road Not Taken is significant. The poem is named after the path that was at last not chosen, leaving the lector to believe to think it was written with regret. In stanza 4 the regret is brought to lighting with a metrical device. Sigh is an onomatopoeia that emphasizes the characters regret or relief. That one word makes the reader want to go back and reread the poem to make sure the theme is understood.The traveler is either regretting his decision that he made or he is relieved that he made the best choice for himself. It is left up to the readers interpretation to discover what the poet was trying to say. Some other metrical devices used are imagery, symbolism, per sonification, rhyming, alliteration, and allegory. The reader is presented with imagery in two roadstead diverged in a yellow wood and once again in And both that morning equally lay in leaves no step had trodden black. This gives the reader something to visualize.Personification is used in because it was grassy and valued wear. A road cannot produce a savor to want wear. The rhyme scheme of ABAAB in this poem produces interest and makes for an entertaining read. Alliteration is used when the poet writes wanted wear. Allegory presents itself when the poet writes about the two paths when his ulterior message is about choices. All of the devices used in the poem support the poets overall theme. Out of all of the roads faced in life the roads not chosen to take have just as much impact as the roads that are chosen.There is no way of knowing the outcome of a decision unless you make the decision and see what happens. You may be happy with that choice, or you may sigh and wish you h ad made a different choice. Some of the choices you make are final, the poet makes light of this when he writes I doubted if I should ever come back. It is as if he knows that he will not ever be returning to The caterpillar track Not Taken. The poet allows the reader to come to their own imaginations, ideas, and outcomes in this poem. This is a poem that can be interpreted many different ways.

Time Management Essay Example for Free

Time Management leavenSurveying pre- see previewing assignment Big pictures overview of main root words and themes Skim table of contents, preface, chapter elementsQuestionStep 1 pick out yourself what you know about the topicSummarize what you al chartery know about topicStep 2 Write questions linked to chapter headingsExamine chapter headings and write down any questions about headings on piece of write up or in margins for volume. ReadAfter critiqueing and questioning, retain what you read.Focus on the key points of your survey boldface type, raised headings, chapter objectives and summary. oFocus on your Q-stage questions Read with purpose of answering the questions written in the margin of book or separate piece of paper. Write down or highlight ideas related to your questions. oMark up your text, and concur text notes Write notes in margin or separate paper, circle ideas, highlight key points that you destiny to field for exams. oCreate text tabs Place plasti c index tabs or adhesive notes at the start of different chapters to flip back and forth with ease.Find Main IdeaSearch for topic of paragraph payoff of paragraph is not the same as main idea, it is broad subject being discussed prexy Barack Obama, scorn crimes on campus, or the Internet. oIdentify the aspect of the topic that is the paragraphs focus If general topic is President Barack Obama, the author may focus on different aspects of that topic, such as health-care policies, first African American president, or public speaking talent.Find what the author wants you to know about that aspect this is the main idea The main idea of a paragraph on President Obama as a public vocalizer may bePresident Obama is a charismatic speaker who uses his oratorical skills to encourage the American mountain in times of crisis.Prioritize Reading AssignmentsAsk what is important to rememberIs the information stressed in headings, charts, tables, captions, key terms, and expositions?Is t he information a definition, a crucial concept, an example, an explanation of a variety or type, or a critical relationship or comparison?Did your instructor stress the information in set? Is it in syllabus, does your assignment ask you to focus on something specific? ReciteOnce you finish reading material a topic, stop and answer the questions raised in the Q-stage of SQ3R even if you already did it during the reading phase, do it over again with the purpose of learning and committing the material to shop.Recite each answer aloud, silently speak the answers to yourself, teach the answers to other person, or write it down. ReviewReview immediately and periodically in the days and weeks after you read the chapter to help you learn and memorize material and prepare for exams.Some helpful reviewing techniquesReread notes and summarize from memoryReview and summarize in writing the text sections you highlighted or bracketed. Try to condense the material so that you can focus on key ideasAnswer the end-of-chapter review, discussion, and application questionsRecite concepts to self, or record/playback on digital recorderFlash cards with word/concept on one side with definition on other sideQuiz self with questions raised in Q-stageDiscuss concepts with classmate/study groupAsk instructor about difficult material.Terms to rememberScanning rapid reading in search of specific information. Concentration focusing on one topic at a time and avoiding distractions so you can learn material

Order in the World vs. Savagery Essay Example for Free

Order in the human being vs. Savagery EssayChoose a typography and explain how that guinea pig influences the system of rules and prescribe the boys establish when they arrive on the island, and what happens when the rules disintegrate.Order in the innovation vs. Savagery Among MenIn William Goldings Lord of the Flies, the characters demonstrate what can happen when the fear of the outlander sets in. Giving up the familiarity of authoritative figures and domesticated surroundings can put some people, especially adolescents and children, into a state of shock. If this state of shock does not set in immediately, it is inevitable to set in with time. This novel, alter with allegorical references, is a prime example of how the cultures and values set up by people and evolving all over time can be ruined by crisis, creating our main theme of Order in the World VS. Savagery Among Men.The novel starts out with our main characters, the school boys, who have been maro unmatchedd on a completely deserted island. Being that these are mere children, it doesnt take too long before everyone starts to as certainly that not only do they no longer have the structure of adult supervision, but they must(prenominal) also learn to fend for themselves. Conflicting human instincts begin to arise, and we all know that without structure in our world, instincts can be a terribly scary addition to this chaotic mix.It is quite inte relievoing to influence that even given their crisis of a situation, one of the boys still clings to his former civilized lifestyle. He still has the incline inside of him to work toward order and their pre-existing domesticated, cushy lives. Living in our sheltered world for such(prenominal) a very long period of time, in this case his whole life has created a barrier between him and reality. Given that he is just a boy, this is not unusual but rather expect of him.On the other hand, we have the majority of the boys, who have re var.ed to th eir primordial instincts. They start off with a sort of structure the conch shell. This is their only form of order in their new life, a symbolic sign of civility which they have brought with them from their old lives. This was, at first, a sense of security. The conch was once used to summon everyone together as a group after their plane crash. However after Jack the leader was chosen to lapse the group, he became relentless, spouting demands left and right, expecting his group to agree at every whim or else.Ralph, one of the other main characters, opposed the barbaric ideas proposed by Jack, and created his own group. When Jack hears of this disruption to his overruling, he makes sure to convince everyone that they need to be on his team and that he can help them much than forceless Ralph will be able to. When his teachings are unleashed, Roger rolls a giant boulder onto Piggy, which also crushes their conch shell. I moot that this is a symbol of the disintegration of all civ ility among the boys.As these rules continue to diminish, the representation of our theme becomes more and more clear. For example, Simon encounters the beast that frightens all of the boys to no end, only to find that the beast does not exist it is imaginary. The beast, we find, is scarcely a symbol which lies inside of each and every person because it represents human primitive instincts. When Simon went to alert the rest of the group about the beast, the boys with their newfound savage ways of living attacked Simon immediately without any hesitation whatsoever. The boys torus his body limb from limb until there was no life left. This part of the novel is an extremely primary(prenominal) part of the theme because the behavior of the boys is what brought this beast to lifeIn conclusion, as you are able to see, our theme of order and reason in the world versus savagery and impulse influences the system of rules (or lack thereof) throughout the consummate novel. In the beginning, many clung tight to their lives of order, while the remainder of others decided right away that because there was no supervision, they needed to have a leader as soon as possible. Toward the end of our novel, as their rules began to denudate and leadership turned to a god complex dictatorship, we are still able to see the potent theme in the story line as savagery among men takes over all order when the killing begins.

Face Recognition Ability Inherited Separately from IQ Essay Example for Free

Face Recognition Ability Inherited Separately from IQ tryThis article supports the modularity hypothesis of the brain where it is expressed that the kind-hearted brain is like a Swiss lingua that is represented as a general purpose tool with special-purpose devices (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010, n. p. ). Such kind of humor is based on the idea that specialized genes are located in various regions of the brain which assist for specific cognitive abilities like face recognition.In attempt to further check up on this issue, the researchers studied the kin of face recognition to patrimonial characteristics by utilizing the help of 102 pairs of identical twins and 71 pairs of fraternal twins. The examine make use of black-and white images of 20 different faces which were shown to each participant on a computer screen each for one minute and this step was followed by the mixing of 10 of the original 20 faces to 20 new faces. Results showed that identical twins , whose genes are 100% common, were more likely to provide matched results of the face essay (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010).Moreover, 39% of the variance is attributed to genetic effects thereby suggesting that face recognition is a heritable trait. IQ relatedness of face recognition, on the other hand, was investigated by employing the participation of 321 students which revealed that the ability to recognize faces is independent of IQ (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010). The results gathered in this theatre of operations affirm the hypothesis that some cognitive skills are non correlated with IQ which is the indicator of general intelligence (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010).Subsequent studies are intended to investigate if other cognitive abilities like language processing, navigation, reading and the likes are related to IQ. Consequently, the significance of these findings is seen on the study of autism and dyslexia because these heritable developmental disorders might also be dictated by specific genes on the human brain. Lastly, the findings presented on this paper are believed to be credible because they are grounded on empirically derived evidence. However, it is suggested that a bigger sample size must be used to further confirm the statistical acceptability of the results.Nevertheless, the researchers made substantial and highly qualified efforts on the choice of participants because identical and fraternal twins are very the most appropriate subjects for studies that investigate heritable properties. In general, this study is a timely research assay that can lead to a series of promising effects in the fields of neurobiology and developmental psychology. generator Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2010, January 20). Face recognition ability inherited separately from IQ. Science Daily.

Globalization, Ethics and Islam Essay Example for Free

Globalization, Ethics and Islam EssayIan Markham in his password stated his imagine of religion and its value to kind-hearted race. Just like the view of Said Nursi, his character reference of ideology, he firmly believed in demesne quietude that is founded on deep apparitional ethics. For Markham, all religions of the world bind responsibility and authority in keeping incorrupt ethics alive in the society. This is turnaround to the view of Alasdair MacIntyre who claimed that there be adequate non-religious alternative foundations for ethics (p. 66) Aristotle who said that moral assertion is an evident framework (p. 68) and other names in history like Kant, Hume.Globalization therefore, will make its sniff out in the absence of hate and war, and in upholding honourable values instituted in religious beliefs worldwide. Though he accepts justification for ethics of other religion, yet he believes that Islam faith could draw clearly the idea of ethical system. Religio ns of the world should establish its own paradigm of ethics for Markham puts it, because moral factors should (and in practice do) shape our usual life (p. 68). He further added, The basic commitment to decency in our public discourse is a moral judgment that the public square needs. Furthermore, Markham also believes that the place of religion is private and not public, which he meant that the produce should not control the citizens beliefs and practices but the same should not allow any public expression of religious belief for public disorder would ensue (p. 67). Therefore, as Markham tried to explain, religion has greater responsibility in maintaining world quiescence if it holds to the principles of morality and ethicss for only when faith made sense, ethical framework would not have any sense either.Comparative Analysis of Markhams View and Thomas Michels on comeback of Ethics and Globalization Thomas Michel the advocate of Catholic faith believes that there are similari ties in his view and that of Markham on issue of religion and world peace, which he called the ethics of peace (p. 37). He recognized the parcel of these two great persons to the topic. Pope John Paul II on Worlds twenty-four hour period in 2002 delivered a message that proposed, True peace must rest on justice and pardon (p. 37).Pope explained that peace in form of cease-fire only amplify the issue while peace may be attained by getting to the heart of the conflict and try to heal human relations (p. 38). He added, when there is oppression or injustice peace is impossible. The resolution for world peace according to Pope is justice in forms of moral virtue and legal guarantee these, he believed are the elements of international system of relations among peoples full respect for rights and responsibilities (p.38). This concept is closely related with the idea presented by Markham in which, religion has to stand on idea of having moral and ethical standard established and unspoil ed in the society. Markham clearly emphasized in his book that the world needs deeply committed orthodox, exponents of each tradition to outline an ethical system that is both true to the beliefs and practices of that tradition (p. 65).The Pope emphasized in the message the importance of justice and forgiveness as virtues people must embrace to have peace. Quran teaches nigh patience, which is a predominant virtue in that book. Yusuf 12 verse 90 of Quran says, One who is mindful of theology and patient indeed God will not forfeit the recompense due to those who do good. plow Cited Markham, Ian S. and Ozdemir, Ibrahim. Globalization, Ethics and Islam The Case of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. Burlington, USA Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. , 2005

After the Ratification of the Declaration of Independence Essay Example for Free

After the Ratification of the resolving of Independence shewAfter the ratification of the Declaration of Independence, establishing the united colonies as Free and Independent States, the Continental Congress deposit to work on the task of drawing up a document that would provide a effective framework for that Union, and which would be enforceable as the law of the unused land. The Articles were written during the early part of the American Revolution by a committee of the Second Continental Congress of the now autonomous bulky dozen sovereign states.The head of the committee, John Dickinson, who had refused to sign he Declaration of Independence, nevertheless adhering to the will of the majority of the members of the Continental Congress, presented a report on the proposed articles to the Congress on July 12, 1776, eight days after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Dickinson initi alone toldy proposed a strong central organization, with consider over th e western lands, equal agency for the states, and the source to levy taxes. Because of their experience with Great Britain, the 13 states feared a mogulful central political sympathies.Consequently, they changed Dickinsons proposed articles rastically forrader they sent them to all the states for ratification in November 1777. The Continental Congress had been careful to give the states as oftentimes independence as possible. The Articles deliberately established a confederation of sovereign states, carefully specifying the limited functions of the federal government. Despite these precautions, several(prenominal) years passed before all the states ratified the articles. The delay resulted from preoccupation with the revolution and from disagreements among the states.These disagreements included quarrels over boundary lines, conflicting ecisions by state courts, differing tariff laws, and trade restrictions between states. The small states wanted equal representation with the large states in Congress, and the large states were afraid they would have to pay an excessive amount of funds to oblige the federal government. In addition, the states disagreed over hear of the western territories. The states with no frontier borders wanted the government to control the sale of these territories so that all the states profited.On the other hand, the states bordering the frontier wanted to control as much land as they could. Eventually the states agreed to give control of all western lands to the federal government, pavement the way for final ratification of the articles on March 1, 1781, Just seven and a half months before the surrender of Lord Cornwallis and his British Army at Yorktown, October 19, 1781, the victory ended fighting in the struggle of Independence and virtually assured success to the American cause.Almost the entire war for five long years had been prosecuted by the members of the Second Continental Congress as representatives of a loose fed eration of states with no resources and reputations. Under the Articles, on paper, the Congress had power to regulate foreign affairs, war, and the postal service and to appoint legions officers, control Indian affairs, borrow money, determine the value of coin, and issue bills of credit. In reality, however, the Articles gave the Congress no power to enforce its requests to the states for money or troops, and by the end of 1786 governmental effectiveness had broken down.Nevertheless, some hard accomplishments had been achieved certain state claims to western lands were trammeltled, and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established the undamental pattern of evolving government in the territories spousal relationship of the Ohio River. Equally important, the Confederation provided the new nation with instructive experience in self-government under a written document. In revealing their own weaknesses, the Articles paved the way for the innate Convention of 1787 and the present fi g of U. S. government.The Articles were in force from March 1, 1781, to March 4, 1789, when the present administration of the United States went into effect. During those years the 13 states were seek to achieve their independent status, and the Articles of Confederation stood them in good stead in the process and exercise of training self- government. The articles created a loose confederation of independent states that gave limited powers to a central government. The national government would live of a single house of Congress, where each state would have one vote.Congress had the power to set up a postal department, to estimate the costs of the government and request donations from the states, to raise armed forces, and to control the development of the western territories. With the consent of nine of the thirteen states, Congress ould also coin, borrow, or appropriate money as well as declare war and enter into treaties and alliances with foreign nations. There was no indepe ndent executive and no veto of legislation. Judicial proceedings in each state were to be recognize by all other states.The federal government had no judicial branch, and the only Judicial potential Congress had was the power to arbitrate disputes between states. Congress was denied the power to levy taxes the new federal government was financed by donations from the states based on the value of each states lands. Any amendment to the articles required the unanimous approval of all 13 states. In attempting to limit the power of the central government, the Second Continental Congress created one without suitable power to govern effectively, which led to serious national and international problems.The greatest weakness of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation was its inability to regulate trade and levy taxes. Sometimes the states refused to give the government the money it interstate commerce. The government could non pay off the debts it had incurred uring t he revolution, including paying soldiers who had fought in the war and citizens who had provided supplies to the cause. Congress could non pass needed measures because they lacked the nine-state majority required to become laws.The states largely ignored Congress, which was powerless to enforce cooperation, and it was thus unable to carry out its duties. After the Colonial victory in the Revolutionary War, it became obvious to the origination Fathers that the original attempt would not be equal to the task of providing the equitable law which they sought. Congress could not force the states to adhere to the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783 ending the American Revolution, which was humiliating to the new government, peculiarly when some states started their own negotiations with foreign countries.In addition, the new nation was unable to defend its borders from British and Spanish encroachment because it could not pay for an army when the states would not contribute the neces sary funds. Leaders like horse parsley Hamilton of New York and James Madison of Virginia criticized the limits placed on the central government, and General George Washington is said o have complained that the federation was little more than a shadow without substance. On February 21, 1787, Congress called for a Constitutional Convention to be held in May to revise the articles. Between May and September, the convention wrote the present Constitution for the United States, which retained some of the features of the Articles of Confederation but gave considerably more power to the federal government. The new Constitution provided for executive and Judicial branches of government, lacking in the Articles, and allowed the government to tax its citizens.

Hamlets Madness Essay Example for Free

settlements Madness EssayI do non believe that small town is going mad nor cracked. I think that he was just putting on an act of foolery to prevail on _or_ upon people he was going insane in order to carry out his avenge on Claudius. If it wasnt for crossroadss feigned aberration the Claudius would have obviously known that close tothing was up and would have possibly had crossroads killed. Hamlet only acted mad or insane around certain people. In his private conversations with Horatio at that place was no characteristics of delirium with the manner he was tal nance to him. Hamlet tells Horatio How singular or odd soeer I bear myself, As I, perchance, hereafter shall think meet To put on an antic disposition on, That you, at such times seeing me, never shall, With arms encumberd thus. Or this headshake, Or by pronouncing of some indefinite phrase. (Ham. 2. 5. 170-175). In this phrase He is telling Horatio that he is going to feign hydrophobia, and that if he not ices any strange behavior that he is putting on an act. This is proof that he is neither mad nor insane. He basically has stated he is going to act mad.As soon as someone appears, whom he wants to convince he is mad, he changes his behavior to put in his or her minds different explanations of his ir discerning behavior. He changes from rational speech to irrational conversations with those he wishes to convince he is mad. With Rosencrantz and Guildenstern he makes them believe that the reason for his behavior is cross ambition. In act 2 scene 2 Rosencrantz says Why, then, your ambition makes it one tis too narrow for your mind. (Ham. 2. 2. 241-242). wherefore Hamlet says O God, I could be bounded in a nutshell, and count myself a king of infinite space, were it not that I have bad dreams. (Ham 2. 2. 243-244) Then Guildenstern states Which dreams, indeed, are ambition fro the very means of the ambitious is merely the shadow of a dream. (Ham. 2. 2. 245-246). Hamlet wants to make the mightiness and Queen believe that the final stage of his father and their marriage is the reason for his madness. The Queen states I doubt it is no other but the main, His fathers expiry and our o hasty marriage.(Ham. 2. 2. 56-57). Hamlet want s to make Polonius and Ophelia believe that it is his love for Ophelia that has driven him mad. This is revealed when Ophelia speaks with Polonius virtually Hamlets encounter with her (Ham. 2. 2 75-108). In the phrase I am but mad north by northwest, when the wind is southernly I know a hawk from a handsaw(Ham. 2. 2. 347-348) Hamlet is stating that northwards is normal and that North by Northwest means that he is only slightly insane. Once Claudius thought he was insane he was safe to carry out the rest of his plan.In the Soliloquy, To be or not to be (Ham. 3. 1. 56-90) Hamlet knew that he was being watched by the King while talking to Ophelia. This was his chance to convince the King that he was insane. I believe that Hamlet may have c rossed the line into true madness a few times. For example when Hamlet slays Polonius he has no feelings of remorse. This is evidenced by Hamlets words special K wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell I took thy fortune thou findst to be too busy in some danger(Ham. 3. 4. 32-34). After Hamlet kills Polonius he will not tell anyone where the body is.Instead he says not where he eats, but where he is eaten, a certain convocation of political worms a een at him(Ham 4. 3. 20-21). Hamlet also is aware of his dissolving insanity as he tells Laertes that he killed Polonius in a turmoil of madness(Ham. 5. 2. 236-250). In the scene where he is with his mother he also has a violent out burst. He is very cruel towards he and clenches her throat in anger. He sees his fathers ghost while with his mother. His mother does not see him. All of the other times someone has seen the ghost when it has appeared. This may be a sign that Hamlet experiencing true madness.On him, on him Look O you how pa le he glares His form and build conjoured, preaching to stones would make them capable (Ham. 3. 4. 126-128. In conclusion I believe that Hamlets madness or insanity throughout the play is being acted. However I do believe that in the end Hamlet drives himself over the edge when he kills Polonius and his true anger shows. Hamlet crossed that line into true madness a few times in this play. I believe that this was not a good way to go about getting revenge on Claudius. There was too much of a grasp and in the end Hamlet lost by losing his life too.

Our appearance Essay Example for Free

Our appearance Es affirmOur appearance, the mood of life we dress, and so forth , reflects who we are. It is therefore important to be consistent in the style we adopt through our lives. By juliettebr our appearance, the instruction we dress, etc. , reflects who we are. It is therefore important to be consistent In the style we adopt through our lives. The way we dress says a lot about our personality. It can reflect our lifestyle, t can show our melody taste etc.. A good appearance can favor our popularity and It can even improve our self-esteem. Hoaever, does the way we look really reflect our ersonality? And If we arent consistent in our style, does It make us different people? On the one hand, when we dont kncr. l person we automatically judge someone just by their appearance. A wise to(p) person once said *You never get a second chance to make a first impression. We make up an opinion about the person and most of the time we can say whether someone is nice or not. Thi s opinion can be true, but it can also be harmful when we think its a prejudgment. On the other hand. ou cant judge a book by its cover. The same as with persons. Wearing a black jacket with spikes will not turn someone toa gothic. and wearing old-fashioned clothes will not turn someone in a grandparent. Everyone has to widen their style during life because that will make us unique, In summary, we hurt to give the people most us an idea of who we are so we just have to be ourselves and mirror our personality in the way we dress, There is nothing wrong with not being consistent in our style, but we have to be sure that Our appearance iS the real us.

Critical Evaluation Of Brand Strategy Of VGI

Critical Evaluation Of steel Strategy Of VGIAbstractThis identify is a depiction of the smirch strategy adopted by an railway railcar beau monde Volkswagen. This primarily covers the discolouration anxiety by the confederation including the critical evaluation of the trademark strategy adopted with context to its soft touch value, label epitome and daub prep atomic number 18ing. The report provides the reader to have critical analysis of the brand management and at the end of the report a conclusion is drawn on the basis of analysis in the body of the report. In chief(prenominal) single out of the report thither is VIP analysis followed Boston matrix and merchandise life calendar method for the detailed explanation of topic. Various brand strategies adopted by the family argon also affected in this part of the report. The conclusion is followed by roughly suitable recommendation of the brand strategy management of the caller-out.Introduction brandingThe concept of brand in market is related to the growthion of brand and in the assures of Hankinson Cowking (1993) that stigmatisation is tagline that use to differentiate crossing from opposite rivalrys in market.Branding is defined as personal identity element of a specific product, service or business. A brand stop take many forms, including a name, sign, symbol or slogan. The world brand began simply as a way to tell peerless persons cattle from or so other by means of a hot iron stamp. The word brand began has continue to evolve to encompass identity- in effect the personality of o product, partnership or service.In the views of Johnson and Scholes (2002, pp. 140) branding is an important feature for saturated market and for the irksome growing markets.The brand provides recognition and allows adding value, book of factsization and position to the family. An effective brand strategy is really useful for the survival and future growth of fellowship. Branding is used to promote the products of the gild in an easier and effective way. It builds up identity and for communicating the story of brand as in India the concept of storytelling is popular tool for advertising.Importance of BrandingThe branding is the face of the product that go with offers to its customers hence e precise gild has to toss their branding strategy effectively. Since this is beneficial in making the sentiment of product or services in the mind of customers. An effective and impressive brand name everlastingly attracts the customers and keeps the position and scene of the corporation in their minds. This even gains to return the customers think and moved towards the use of another product of same federation to which they are not familiar.A nigh(a) note brand hear in business matters a lot the brand of the company is always seen as in differential gear part of the company which shows its value and role. With an effective and strong brand the image of the company g oes rise.Strong brand of business facilitate other brands to link with each other different products of the company. The brand name of company used for the different products of the company for effective merchandising in market. (Source Hankinson Cowking, 1997 pp- 156)Company IntroductionVOLKSWAGEN DAS AUTOSThe automobile company is well known for its services and high satisfaction among their customers. Volkswagen group of India is subsidiary of worldwide illustrious Volkswagen AG. It switches to brand of Volkswagen in addition to two other existed brands of Skoda and Audi in Indian market. These brands possess its own type pockters case manoeuvres in an autonomous manner. The establishment of this subsidiary was in year 2007. In Indian autos market the brand image is featured by the size of vehicle, technologies of driving and different features like ABS, EPS and air bags and galvanized bodies of automobiles.Multi branding v/s Corporate BrandingThere are two main concepts tak en corporate branding and multi branding that are explained as followed by the companyMulti Branding Concept of multi branding in the company mainly based on the objective to become close innovative manufactured volume complies with beat out quality product specifically considering medium to long term classless. With theme and slogan Vorsprungdurch Technik of Audi brand in considered as solid brand in automotive premium segment. In addition brand of Skoda is a combination of intelligent concepts in using space and technical excogitation also covering the trope and good money value (Kapfere, 2009, pp 276).Corporate Branding Volkswagen carries three main brands by having messages of responsible innovation and providing Enduring Value. The car under the corporate brand there is passenger cars convey reliability and quality and locomotiveering of German skills at the global level. This facilitate in becoming the first choice in millions of the customers when buying a car.Critical Evaluation of Brand Strategy of VGIIn the views of Porter (1993), for successful regime of a company there must be an identified strategy that itself serve as a position and must be able to handle competition through brand strategy of the company and is primarily differentiate into three parts as. Cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy and focus strategy.Brand strategy of Volkswagen is well maintain. As India is important market for the strategic marketing especially in automotive industry. There are good opportunities for future growth as a result of outstanding conditions of demands. moreover the noticeable condition is that there is very high competition full with challenges of conditions of market, different lifestyle, and behavior of consumers.Branding is key success broker for Volkswagen in order to gain good market position and free-enterprise(a) advantages therefore it become very successful in the Indian Automobiles of market. As branding plays a snappy p art for the Volkswagen and make it differentiate from other competitors in market. Kotler has viewed his comment on the leadership that a exist leadership is not possible, differentiate is their competitive strategy (Kotler, 2008, p.468). Also Varey considered brand as unique and for selling the proposition in the emerging markets.Branding Value of VolkswagenThe brand value is an important aspect of a brand. This can be illustrate as the customers are usually willing to spent or get more for that product that is related to any known brand, they preferred brand that the product. The brand value is hence defined as that extra money made by a company or can be made from the selling of its products in solely way only due(p) to the name of its brand. For type For Volkswagen group India there is late entry of the Volkswagen group of India in the market as compared to other competitor rivals. Due to this company has lack to gain the first mover advantage in market and hence less gain i n the brand value. For further development the company in order to fortify its brand value it follow the strategy by making corporate statement innovation for everyone. fleck marketing any product, importantly in India, the most crucial factor is quality and determine of product as India is at a halt a poor country.Brand Image for VolkswagenBrand image is specified as those qualities which are related to the association to customers with the particular brand. It is expressed as the human behaviour and their wants and desires, except not enough it also associates with the situational use, price and quality of the brand. present example can be taken as the Mercedes Benz which possesses a string brand image due to its product quality and features and their price, this came to make an image of brand in the minds of customers about that particular product. The brand image is not an inherent character for a company brand though this can be achieved through the advertising and campaign s.Brand image is identity of the product in market and is a symbol of the company that make its impression and image in the minds of customers. The Volkswagen with its late brand name Das Auto along with its vision, the company is passing game to lay down reinvigorated image by surrounding proximity and convenience via affordable innovations. The Volkswagens brands of Skoda and Audi managed in such a way that curved their position in stiff ad competitive automobile market and creating their billy goat of brand image in consciously sensitive markets like India.Brand PositioningIn the view of Armstrong (2002), brand positioning zeroes in on customers and gives them a reason to buy a product in preference to others it differentiates a product from other products based on attributes. Walter (1997) also states that position of brand is perception among target customers. The Volkswagen group of India as came back into market after the period of ten years it has going to position its brand again in the minds of their customers and in market. The company has positioned its brand bracketed to set of above spunk classed customers whose income is above average and have the thrill to show off as and where compared to brand Audi which is high-ticket(prenominal) and very showing type is designed for those types of consumers that are sporty and want to show off more with expensive expenditure. On contrary the Volkswagen brand is suitable for the average persons and also full the desire to show off. The company has managed them with a separate position in market. According to a statement given by the manager of VW passengers cars Mr. Neeraj Garg that the company will take some time for making its position and there is a slow process to gain position into the minds of customers of India.SegmentationIn India most driving factor is recognised affordability, due to this the market of domestic cars is segmented on to accordance with their prices. There is price based comp etition in Indian market therefore the car is segmented as belowMulti SegmentationGeographical divisionDemographical segmentationSocial ClassMarketing StrategyMarketing Strategy adopted by Volkswagen brand after its gear up in India in 2007 in relation to marketing shuffleMarketing MixMarketing mix of Volkswagen BrandSource Kotler, P Armstrong, G (2004)For brand strategy of Volkswagen there is intricacy of first P according to marketing mix is Product as described in model. The product in this model is defined as that combination of services and goods sell to the customers by the company or organisation in target market (Armstrong Kotler, 2005). From analysis it is found that product is also a part of Brand name. Design and quality are the main product features that possess variety in them. Here an example can be quoted for a brand of Volkswagen Touareg that has been sold in India comprises of a package of seating, engine, breaks and engine etc. (Volkswagen India, 2009). Hence for product strategy the company is equipped with variety and design in their products including authorisation for them which in turn results in good answer from the customers and make them satisfied and bring loyalty in them.The second P in this model if marketing mix is price. Price is of a product or service is defined as that amount which is paid by customer to the organisation or company for buying their products or services offered to them (Armstrong Kotler, 2005). While discussing the price strategy it has been found that there are 61 dealership offers high prices for the products to sell in India as compared to their rivals like Honda city and Ford, but there is adaptation that the company charge interest rate by 4.5 5.0 % instead of other rivals make with 8% or more as a loans given by banks or building societies of other rival car makers. This facility is attributed by the Volkswagen financial Services that aided to support the sales of the company to their customers .There is abutting P for the marketing mix is Place that is also very crucial in Brand management. The take strike usually referred to that place where there is availability of products of company to their customers. As in concerned to Volkswagen the company involve in using dealers and distributors for the purpose of the sales of their products. There are two modes for the dealers to get authorised all through franchised or direct ownership of company. For the company their network related to their dealers is very important and is maintained in a proper way because the product of the company are introduced through them to the customers, hence it is very important. In the views of Kotler 2005 the company usually share their losses and profits both with their dealers for purpose to maintain the quality of cost leadership. At present the Volkswagen has fine relationship with their dealers in India and also involve in the relations of their products with Skoda with 61 leaders (To p News, 2010).The last and fourth one P is Promotion. The promotion has variance in their objectives that has to be achieved in market. The promotion is usually handled with the tool of advertisement. The promotions for customers are added through the advertisement that results in the excitement among them. The aim of promotion is to pull in target consumers. These promotions are based on the scheme of non profit but in turn results in the profit for the company (Bradley, 1993). For example the Volkswagen Company in year 2009 has launched a promotion named Pre Monsoon campaign published by Motor beam, 2009. This promotion is for the purpose to establish the brand of company India. In India the company offered a variety of range of services to their customers and fro this company is getting profit from the promotions of the company brand.Pricing strategyPricing strategy of Volkswagen In the vies of Lowe and Doole (et al 2006), for any company at the initial stage of launch in market introduced with two adopted strategies for pricing, one is marketing skimming price strategy and other one is market penetration pricing. The company Volkswagen has choose the strategy of market penetration pricing. In this strategy previously the prices were set high so that there can be insurance coverage of initial investment this is so because the company had invested a lot of money in the business to set up the unit in Pune, Maharastra.Ansoff Growth intercellular substance Model for StrategySource Kotler, P Armstrong, G (2004)For further analysis there is discussion in accordance with the given model of Ansoff Growth Matrix for Volkswagen. This model usually depicts the different areas of market development of the product of the company. This development is in relation with company and that aspect that are very important for the diversification of market. The thing is that this company has been diversified as it enters into new market.Market developmentAccording to Reiziger ( et al, 2003) when a company took entrance into a new market and launch themselves by introducing animate products this is came to know as the development of market, and the main aim of the company is to lure the customers from the their existing competitors in that exiting market i.e. new market. The company Volkswagen has got the entry into Indian market in 2007 by submission their product Jetta, then after two years in 2009 the company has launched two new cars in market with their existing brand using the brand value in market these cars are noodle beetle and the Touarge sedans (Volkswagen India, 2010).DiversificationAgain in the views of Reizger (2003) this is the entrance of any new company with having the launch of their new product under its own brand is termed to be diversification. This strategy is commonly recognised as most risky one as there is introduction of two new entities one is market and other one is product. For the Volkswagen diversification is not so risky, as it has already successfully launched a variety of cars in the market with its own brand and in accordance with its brand image and with every brand it has inched higher and created sense of the demand in the market on every launch of new products. Most before long the company has as innovation there are four new car that has gone to be launched in 2012 and these new coming products are SUVW, Couple, Up and Blue Sport (Volkswagen, 2010).Conclusion RecommendationAs from above discussion it is concluded that Volkswagen has got an effective branding strategy but there are some factors that has to be taken into consideration for the company to make its brand VIP. In India this company is represented by three brands i.e. Audi, Skoda and Volkswagen and posses their own identity and features and an independent manner in market. The brand of Volkswagen along with Audi and Skoda provide good level of consistency and excellence in the market within the existing value, image and position o f its brand in target market of automobiles. It has also been concluded that the company adopted brand leveraging strategy. The product launched by the company are good from all aspects and given for strengthen the brand image and identity in market. Having discussion over the marketing mix all the aspects of the marketing mix by the Volkswagen are handled in an effective way, company cover all areas of price, promotion, place and product well but there is some need to behave emphasis over the promotion and price aspect of the brand strategy to get the good response in market. It is also concluded that there is lack of loyalty factor in Indian market of Auto brands as compared to the other markets. The company Volkswagen is new in the market and hence there is low brand awareness of the company in market. There must be raise of awareness among all the required fields of market. There must bring up some improvements and creation of the brands. As in Indian market which is basically driven by the price and prerequisites, company Volkswagen carry on its brand with the quality factor only. This is criticised here because this strategy will create chip in the brand development and prosperity of the company. The factor of Cannibalization can be seen as it can pay an important role for the Volkswagen approach for the branding i.e. multi branding approach and hence resulting in the brand that are new take the business away from that which are already established in market.There are some suggestions that the company can adopt for the effective brand management are to drive the response of the customers as they are the key link for the success of the company and there must be online and offline programmes of marketing.The company has to be involved in the Build Brand Engagement process to learn how the consumer wants to link up with the brand of product. They must continue to attempt at increasing the customer loyalty.

Management Strategies Of World Heritage Site In Mauritius Tourism Essay

vigilance Strategies Of terra firma hereditary pattern Site In Mauritius Tourism Essay2.1 IntroductionGrowing interest in culture and inheritance by tourers has led to such an increase in the number of visits to ethnical inheritance destinations in the being that ethnical touristry has become hotshot of the fastest-growing market segments in tourism. The preservation of heathenish inheritance through tourism receives more than and more recognition and at the same time, quislingism and stakeholder employment argon increasingly utilize in the tourism development military operation (Aas, Ladkin and Fletcher, 1999, p. 29). Bram sanitary and Lane (2000) add that collaboration and partnerships go for come of age in the airfield of tourism. Although it is downstairsstood that in order for saving efforts to be sustainable, thither is a need to work closely together with the local communities, site managers and separate stakeholders (IMPACT, 2004), recitation still s hows that inheritance focussing often does not look at any of the local counterparts (Imon, DiStefano Yin, 2006 Taylor, 2006).This chapter offers a writings re escort of the most master(prenominal) concepts link to the topic of the look into upon the counselling of world inheritance site. Firstly, around explanations of the basic wrong used, such as cultural and heritage tourism. Then, it examines heritage solicitude in depth, the briny elements of the solicitude and the challenges that managers baffle to face. Finally, the link between the charge of make heritage and graphic attr turn of eventsions and the separate writes of this management is established. Within these issues preservation and treasureion by dissentent bodies such as UNESCO, Local Community and stakeholders and to a fault an empirical review management of an early(a) heritage site, ar covered.2.2 inheritance tourismWith growing economy, tourism is one of the biggest phenomena that the world is e xperiencing today. inheritance tourism is one of the significant commodities and a vast marketing beak that has the power to influence all forms of tourism. heritage tourism helps to understand and appreciate the past of a country. jibe to the subsistence Heritage Council of 1996, they stupefy put forward this definition for the word heritage, heritage is our legacy from the past, what we un enter today and what we pass on to the future generations. Swanbrooke( 1994222) call forth that tourism is based on heritage, where heritage is the warmness product that is offered , and heritage is the main motivating factor consumers.A review of approaches to defining heritage tourism shows that this concept is extremely hard. Academic world has not yet found agreement over the issue of understanding the character of Heritage tourism in a unified and specific way. Some studies have define Heritage tourism as leisure trip with the prime purpose of visiting historic, cultural, inbor n, amateur and scenic attractions to learn more or so the past in an enjoyable wayUnderstanding of heritage can be all encompassing and features umteen view oral sexs, such as visitor experience (Poria et al., 2001, 2003) bestow and demand (Apostolopoulos and Gayle, 2002) and the perception of social, natural and cultural history (Christou, 2005). Some authors emphasize the importance of motivations of heritage tourists, who act in accordance with their perceptions of their own heritage (Poria et al., 2001). Heritage tourism is in addition described in toll of tangible objects and resources (Garrod and Fyall, 2001) and intangible experiences and elements of the culture of a social group or nation (Timothy and Boyd, 2002).2.3 Cultural Heritage TourismDuring the 1990s, cultural tourism was identified as one of the major future growth aras in tourism industry (Zeppel and Hall, 1992). This fast-growing segment of the industry attracts visitors who run away to stay longer, spend more, and start in the off-season (Calhoun, 2000, p. 92). The growing proportion of cultural tourism within tourism, fit to Richards (2001) is due to the fact that more and more tourist attractions are now being define as cultural. Thus, it is hard to define the concepts of cultural tourism and cultural tourist since they have a broad grit.Cultural Heritage tourism is comm still regarded as tourism with the main purpose of viewing tangible originals such as historic and cultural elements of the strengthened environment (e.g. colonial architecture, monuments, houses of worship) and the physical landscape, precisely also admits intangible components including myths, folksongs and evaluate administrations, for example (Halewood Hannam, 2001 566 Prentice, 1993 8 Smith, 1989 5 Timothy Boyd, 2003 4).The term of cultural tourism is so broad that it covers concepts such as heritage, arts, creativity, urban, culture, rural culture, endemic culture and popular culture. Attention pull up stakes be paid to the heritage aspect of cultural tourism. later investigating cultural tourism, the subject will be narrowed down to concentrate on built heritage. Given the large variety of forms that cultural tourism can have, it is unrealistic to provide only one definition, as broad as it could be.However, Richards (2001, p. 7) suggests that cultural tourism covers not only the consumption of the cultural products of the past, but also of contemporary culture or the way of life of a people or a percentage. Cultural tourism therefore covers heritage tourism (related to artefacts of the past). Heritage tourism is widely concerned with the jibeation of the past..2.4 World Heritage SiteUNESCO adopted the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1972. The purpose of the convention is to ensure the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of cultural and natural heritage of outs tanding comprehensive value. The outstanding universal value is translated into ten criteria for evaluating sites nominated for inscription on the World Heritage List. The Convention states that the World Heritage Committee (WHC) should coordinate the treat of designating the sites through a system known as inscription, which includes an evaluation of the resources by experts against a set of known criteria. The aim of the inscription is to instigate conservation of the resources within designated sites and surrounding buffer store governs on a local level and also to rear a sense of collective global responsibility via inter bailiwick 25 cooperation, exchange and stick up (Leask 2006). As of April 1, 2009, 186 countries are party to the Convention 878 properties are inscribe on the list 679 of which are cultural, 174 natural and 25 mixed (Engelhardt 2009).Moreover, WHS are the testimony to the natural wealth of the earth and the cultural excellence of human kind. They repr esent the best and most important examples of our cultural and natural heritage. Hall and Piggin (2002 402) stated that the bestowing of WHS status on a Heritage attraction is a significant factor on the basis of the inherent qualities of the property. Throughout the world there are natural and man-make heritage sites that are considered to have a very great importance to the humanity. By giving those sites an importance, we are protecting our most valuable heritage. According to the operational communicatelines for the murder of the World heritage convention, WHS can be classified as natural or man- do.2.4.1 Natural Heritage siteNatural Heritage designates outstanding physical, biological and geological features habitats of threatened plants or animal species and areas of value on scientific or aesthetic grounds or from a conservation perspective.Types of natural heritagePhysical and biological formations or groups of such formations, which are of outstanding universal value from the aesthetic or scientific meridian of view.Geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated areas which constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and plants of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.Natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty.2.4.2 Cultural Heritage SiteCultural Heritage designates a monument, group of buildings or site of historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific, ethnological or anthropological value.Types of Cultural HeritageMonuments architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave d soundings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or scienceGroups of buildings groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of th eir architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or scienceSites works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view.2.5 shock of tourism on WHSThere has been an increasing interest in the tint of tourism on World Heritage Sites (WHSs) over the past 20 historic period. This is motivated in part by the commonly held view that World Heritage Listing increases visitor amount. While the reality of this view is still subject to take (Buckley, 2005), an expectation of substantial growth in tourist interest has been noted as a driving factor in recentWorld Heritage nominations (Jones Munday, 2001 Rodwell, 2002).Impact is a change (whether environmental, economic or social change) in a given state over time as the result of external stimulus (Hall and Lew 2009). Tourism blows, according to Ritchie and Goeldner (1994) and Mason (2003), include economic, social, and environmental impacts. In tourism, the impact of tourism is experienced in all elements of tourism system. Tourism system refers to various sectors involved in facilitating travel to and from a destination, and the inter-relationships between these sectors (Hall 2008). There are several approaches to analyzing tourism system. Tourism system from a geographical point of view includes four elements, i.e. generating region (the source region of the tourists) transit region or route (the region the tourist must travel through to reach their destination) destination region (the region that the tourist chooses to visit and where the most obvious impact of tourism occur) and the environment (encompassing the overall travel flows and with which the tourist interacts) (Hall 2008). There are two more approaches to tourism systems, one focuses on the supply and demand dimension of tourism, whereas the other one emphasizes the systems functioning for concomitant stakeholder groups (ibid.). This particular discover focuses on tourism impact occurring in the destination region.According to Frechtling (1994), studying the economic impact of tourism means analyzing travels activity impact on resident wealth or income in a defined area. Stynes (1997), on the other hand, said that economic impact analysis of tourism traces the flows of spending associated with tourism activity in a region to identify changes in sales, tax, revenues, income and jobs due to tourism activity. Frechtling (1994) acknowledged that many studies of tourisms economic impact emphasize on travel spending, similar to Stynes view above. However, Frechtling stresses that travel expenditure studies tend to obscure the impact on residents income and wealth because tourists spending sometimes has little to do with resident net and employment. Therefore, travel expenditures ar e best viewed as merely the initial monetary activity that stimulates the production process and initiates economic impact (ibid.)2.6 The worry strategies of WHSThe management of WHSs was first addressed as a specific field of interest in 1993 by Fielden and Jokilehto in the Management Guidelines for World Cultural Heritage Sites. Reference is made in the Management Guidelines to giving heritage a function in the life of the corporation, discussing objectives with local regimen and tourism boards and the need for a comprehensive tourism development strategy for individual sites (Fielden Jokilehto, 1998). However, given that the primary aim of the World Heritage Convention is to ensure . . . the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of cultural and natural heritage (UNESCO, 1972, word 4), it is not surprising that the emphasis of the Management Guidelines at that time was on the conservation of tangible heritage rather than the management of intangible heritage and visitor activity (Rodwell, 2002 Wilson Boyle, 2006).Moreover, according to the Article 5 of World heritage convention which states that to adopt a general policy which aims to give the cultural and natural heritage a function in the life of the community and to integrate the protection of that heritage into comprehensive planning programmes This approach changed in 1997 when a standardised format for the nomination of sites for inscription on the World Heritage List was adopted. A management plan became a pre-requisite for all advanced nominations and sites inscribed before then were unavoidable to submit plans by 2005. Since 1997, the requirements for a formal planning approach and stakeholder union have been further developed in the usable Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (UNESCO, 2005). The Operational Guidelines suggesting an effective system of management should include a continuous cycle of plann ing, implementing, monitoring, evaluating and feedback, together with the active link of stakeholders in the planning process (UNESCO, 2005, Article 111). The expectation of a holistic and integrated approach to achieving . . . an portion and equitable balance between conservation, sustainability and development, and ensuring . . . the active involvement of . . . Local communities is further accentuated in the Budapest resolve on World Heritage (World Heritage Committee, 2002). However,in keeping with the preceding discussion, little guidance or advice is provided on how to achieve this in practice (Wilson Boyle, 2006).2.6.1 Preservation and conservationThe object of conservation is to prolong the life of cultural property and, if possible, to clarify the historic and artistic messages therein without loss of authenticity. This is the definition given by the fundamental law of World Heritage Cities (www.ovmp.org) of conservation. Heritage attractions are considered historic do cuments, suppliers of architectural, social and economical historic selective information about the past that is not available from any other source, and this makes conservation even more important. Another definition similar to the anterior one, but that emphasizes the ultimate effort of conservation was given by Cunliffe (1997), arguing that conservation has to ensure that the important aspects of a site are understood if it is to be retained in the context of future change or development. Conservation of these site are very important in skid of eventual change or development that may occur in the future.Historic building differ from spick-and-span one as they are expected to last forever in other haggle as long as it is wanted. Worthing and Dann (2009) stated that in an historic context, the terms maintenance and repair cannot be exchangeable as they might be for other building types. Moreover, cost of maintaining and repairing an historic feature is not usually huge howeve r when cost arises it is usually due to a poor management.Pearson and Sullivan ( 1995, P.11) outline the aims of conservation management as the explanation of all the values of heritage places, the development long-term preservation and the capital punishment of management practices that safeguard the fundamental nature and physical form of the place. Conservation is, without doubt, one of the most important tools in heritage management. According to Millar (1989) it is the first stage in heritage management she considered that conservation is the full of life issue in world heritage site management long-term planning (Millar, 198910) now that heritage tourism is in its greatest growth. Other authors, such as Shuhaimi, agree with her statement arguing that realizing that tourists will bring about substantial negative impact on heritage sites, the management of these sites must have a master plan that will emphasize on conservation (Shuhaimi, 1997 127).To implement the right manage ment policy, Du Cros (2001) argued that the priority between the two basic elements involve must be pass along. One of those elements is conservation, while the other is commodification and promotion of the site. The author stressed that this management priority should be used as a guide for converting, in the grant way, places into heritage attractions. This statement shows again the importance given by professionals to the conservation issue. Conservation is, probably, the heritage management issue more in conflict with tourism since its objective is to preserve and to protect heritage, while tourism interests want to market sites and generate economic benefits by attracting as many visitors as possible. However, tourism is also one of the basic issues if not the basic one.2.6.2 Visitor managementVisitor management is becoming an increasingly important issue in world heritage site for those responsible for heritage sites, particularly those that have achieved WHS status. Shackle y (2006) states that the number of visitors have been increasing due to the accessibility to facilities by the society such as reduced travel costs, extensive media publicity given to sites. On the one hand, visitors bring is not only source of revenue, through admission fees, but also these sites provide them both educational and volunteer(a) opportunities. However, those visiting the site brings in the risk of harmful impacts upon the site and other artefacts found there ( Shackley,1998 Garrod, 2008). encourage more visitors may be at the same time a bless(prenominal)ing as well as a curse for a typical heritage site.While some sites are comparatively robust and can withstand increased levels of visitation, others will be more susceptible to damage. It is important, therefore, for those responsible for the heritage site to undertake visitor impact balance and design strategies that will be appropriate for the site. The visitor management is mostly important to sites that inscrib ed on the World Heritage list, enabling them to result in greater awareness on the part of prospective visitors and for higher visitation levels to result (shackley, 1998 Fyall and Rakic, 2006).Visitor management strategies are designed in such a way to contrl the number of visitors as well as their flow on the site. In order, to minimize the the management should restrict the visitors access to certain areas by establishing pathways, unconditional the time of visits and by limiting the size of group of groups ( WTO, 1997)2.6.3 Buffer zoneThe concept of buffer zone has been treatedin every version of the Operational Guidelines from the first version produced in 1977, forward to the present. The initial concept, then defined as one which may be applied, appears as an optional inscriptionrequirement, and one without a clear purpose. The Operational Guidelines 1977 state26. When setting the boundary of a property to be nominated to the List, the concept of a buffer zone around the pro perty may be applied where appropriate. In such instances the nominations would includea) a precise definition of the surface area of the property itself, including the sub-surface area where necessaryb) an indication of the buffer zone around the property itself (i.e. the natural or man-made surroundings that influence the physical state of the property or the way in the property is comprehend). Such buffer zones will be dogged in each case through technical studies and provided with adequate protection.2.7 Organisation involved in the management of WHSHeritage management has been described as the process by which heritage managers attempt to make sense of the complex web of relationships surrounding heritage in a manner which meets the values and interests of many of the key stakeholders (Hall and McArthur 1996 19). This raises questions, however, as to what occurs in situations where the management of heritage sites is shared by various organizing bodies with different function s and status and where there is no single coordinating body to bring these organizations together.Contrary to broad expectations, the UNESCO designation does not involve an overarching control of the management of sites (Bianchi 2002 Bianchi and Boniface 2002 Evans 2002). Rather, World Heritage Site status inevitably exposes designated areas to a complex web of national and regional policies and regulations (Hall 2006). These policies tend to arise from a discourse of heritage as having in general a cultural tourism purpose, thus necessitating that the heritage sites be conserved and presented appropriately for international tourist consumption. Leask (2006 13) argues that the key dilemma here is that it is difficult to balance tourism activity with the conservation role, often creating a tension or conflict between the usually large numbers of stakeholders involved. In particular, this emphasis on conservation and presentation to cultural tourists often means that less heed is pai d to local community issues, including local community contemporary use and practice relating to the site (Garrod and Fyall 2000).3. World heritage Site in Mauritius3.1 Le Morne BrabantLe Morne Cultural Landscape, a rugged mountain that juts into the Indian Ocean in the southwestern United States of Mauritius was used as a shelter by runaway knuckle downs, maroons, through the 18th and early years of the 19th centuries. Protected by the mountains isolated, wooded and almost inaccessible cliffs, the escaped slaves formed small settlements in the caves and on the summit of Le Morne. The oral traditions associated with the maroons, have made Le Morne a symbol of the slaves combat for justifydom, their suffering, and their sacrifice, all of which have relevance to the countries from which the slaves came the African mainland, Madagascar, India, and South-east Asia. Indeed, Mauritius, an important stopover in the eastern slave trade, also came to be known as the Maroon republic beca use of the large number of escaped slaves who lived on Le Morne Mountain.It is a symbol of slaves fight for freedom, their suffering, and their sacrifice, all of which have relevance beyond its geographical location, to the countries from which the slaves came in particular the African mainland, Madagascar, India, and South-east Asia- and represented by the Creole people of Mauritius and their shared memories and oral traditions.Management of the LandscapeAt present there are two heritage legislations which govern the management of the Le Morne Cultural Landscape The Le Morne Heritage Trust Fund work of 2004 and the internal Heritage Act of 2003. Copies of these legislations may be obtained at the seat of these two institutions and they may be contacted for any queries regarding management issues related to the landscape.The vision of the Fund for the cultural landscape is as followsto serve as a focal point for current and future generations to celebrate stand patance against o ppression anywhere in the world as well as commemorate the suffering of humans through slavery and other systems of exploitation. It should be a nutriment example of oppressed people achieving freedom, independence, dignity and respect for their values and cultures. It will do so by becoming a centre of excellence in terms of research, in particular the history of maroons in the wider context of slavery, and by reckoning a prominent role in unlocking cultural and economic opportunities for those who have suffered most under the system of slavery.The MissionTo preserve and manage the cultural landscape of Le Morne so that it can be used in a wise and sustainable manner without compromising its authenticity and integrity.To develop Le Morne as a focal for celebrating resistance to slavery by furthering high prize research on slavery in general that will not only be made available to the public but in which the latetr can also participateTo utilize Le Morne as a tool for local econo mic development and capacity building so that it will play an important role in opening up opportunities for those who have been left behind in terms of economic development.To cherish Le Morne as a symbol of reconciliation and forgiveness, not only nationwide but also on a global scale, so that humanity will combine forces to resist exploitation of one human by another andTo rally around Le Morne in support of those who continue to be oppressed and exploited by other human beings, so that it is not only a symbol of the past but a living reminder of the present.3.2 Aapravasi GhatAapravasi Ghat is the site through which 450,000 oblige labourers from India first set foot in Mauritius between 1830s and the 1920s, marking one of the great waves of migration in recorded history. Set on the bay of Trou Fanfaron, in the capital Saint Louis, Aapravasi Ghat is the remains of a cluster of one-third stone buildings dating from the 1860s, built on the site of an earlier immigration depot. Th e remaining buildings represent less than half of what existed in the 1860s. The nominated site is tightly drawn around the buildings and covers 1640 sq metres. It is surrounded by a buffer zone which is part of the heart of the rapidly expanding city and a busy harbor.The island of Mauritius was chosen as the site for the first recipient of this new indenture system in 1834 (year of the post-abolished of slavery occurs), as it was perceived to be an expanding plantation economy unlike the exhausted West Indian sugar producers, and also because of its law of proximity to India. In Mauritius, most indentured workers were recruited from North India, in particular Bihar and the Northwest Provinces such as Uttar Pradesh, although smaller numbers came from the Tamil and Telugu districts of South India. In the almost 90 years that the system was in operation, the British government in India handled around 1.2 million indentured labourers through emigration depots.Protection and Managem entLegal provisoThe Aapravasi ghat site is owned by the Ministry of liberal arts and Culture. The core area is protected as a national monument in terms of the National Heritage Fund Act of 2003 and earlier legislation. This provides for the consent of the National Heritage Fund to be sought for any work done on the site.The Buffer zones are regulated by the Municipal Council of Port Louis as part of their overall regulation of their area under the Local Government Act.Management structureThe day-to-day management of the site is the responsibility of the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund. The placard of the Trust consists of representatives of key member institutions such as national Heritage fund, and the Ministries of Arts and Culture, Tourism and Finance. A technical team drawn from the Board reviews all site work.On 15th February 2006 a more detailed Draft Management figure was submitted by the State Party on 15th February 2006. The Plan details what needs to be addressed in terms of management structure, and legal protection. Currently there is no national policy on World Heritage sites which impact on decisions by local authorities.4. Methodology4.1 IntroductionThis chapter deals with the different methods and instrument that were used in order to conduct this survey and also elaborate upon the methods chosen. It evaluates the management strategies which were being used to manage those WHS, Le Morne and Aapravasi Ghat. The objective is to show the different methods used to collect information and the reason why they have been used. Consequently, the research aim is to recalled and the objectives are shown so that the research framework is established.The survey was conducted at National Trust Fund, Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund, Le Morne Trust Fund and Ministry of Arts Culture with the members responsible for managing both sites. Moreover, this chapter is devoted on the limitations of the methods used and the general limitation encountered during the garnering and analyzing selective information.4.2 Sources of infoOnce the objectives were identified, a research plan was developed to gather the information. For this study, both primary and sulphurary selective information were used in order to gather information for analysis.Primary data new information collect for the specific purpose of a particular research project.Secondary data data that already exist and which have been collected to fit the purpose of other studies.First of all, Primary data are new data collected specially for the current study. Such data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. On the other hand, secondary data was useful in finding out what have been done in previous research and theoretical information to grasp the real meaning of subject. The information gathered for this particular study was mainly done on the management strategies being used by the different bodies responsible Le Morne and Aapravasi Ghat.4.2.1 Primary DataPrima ry data as stated before is a set of new data collected from the survey itself for purpose for the research. There are two approaches of primary data the numeric ad the qualitve approach. The first approach is mostly scientific method, while the second is more flexible, while the second is more flexible.Both, qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to conduct the survey. Qualitative approach was much more appropriate for the investigating into the problem. Moreover, Finn et al,2008, states that, qualitative approach tends to examine reality in all its complexity because they are free to ask question a qualitative researcher cannot easily pursue. This approach enable to gather exuberant information about small number of subjects from a small number of people can be collected ( Veal,1997).To investigate more the research, quantitative approach was also needed. This was used in order to gather information from workers of the different parastatal bodies.4.2.2 Secondary DataA vital step, in any research process begins, is the review of previous research on which the topic was chosen. Secondary data was essential for the topic chosen. It is useful in finding out what have been done in previous research and theoretical information to grasp the real meaning of the subject. In fact, an important part of nearly all research is a review of the literature review ( Veal, 1997 96).Information gathered was about the management of heritage site especially world heritage site as conservation and preservation, management strategies and visitor management. Thus, in this project, secondary data was mainly used in order to develop the research idea and to get information required to answer to the main question.Questionnaire DesignThe questionnaire used for this survey comprises of 27 questions divide in four sections to wit section A the respondent profile, section B based on attributes of the WHS, secti